Kosovo/Espainia eta alderantziz
Kosovo eta autodeterminazioa: eztabaida ala nahasketa?
Autodeterminazioa: Kosovo eta Hagako Nazioarteko Auzitegia
Independentziaren Aldarrikapen Unilaterala (IAU), Kosovo mon amour
Kosovo: zer gertatu zen, zergatik, nola zabaldu zuten afera?
Segida:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb
- Front Matter(pp. iii-iv) Front Matter(pp. iii-iv) https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.1
- Table of Contents
(pp. v-vi)
Table of Contents
(pp. v-vi)
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.2
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.2
- Foreword
(pp. vii-x)
Foreword
(pp. vii-x)
Harold Pinter
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.3
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.3
Nato has claimed that the bombings of civilians in Serbia were accidents. I suggest that the bombing of civilians was part of a deliberate attempt to terrorise the population. Nato’s supreme commander, General Wesley K. Clark, declared as the bombing began: ‘We are going to systematically and progressively attack, disrupt, degrade, devastate and ultimately – unless President Milosevic complies with the demands of the international community – we are going to destroy these forces and their facilities and support.’ Milosevic’s ‘forces’, as we now know, included television stations, schools, hospitals, theatres, old people’s homes. The Geneva Convention states that no…
- Introduction
(pp. 1-4)
Introduction
(pp. 1-4)
Philip Hammond and Edward S. Herman
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.4
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.4
When the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation launched a bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the evening of 24 March 1999, we were told it was for the best possible motives. Politicians in the Nato bloc maintained that, reluctantly, they had taken military action because diplomacy had failed; because there was an impending ‘humanitarian catastrophe’; because Yugoslav forces were committing ‘genocidal’ acts; because the foreign policy of the leading Nato powers is driven by the highest moral concerns. With very few exceptions, Western journalists uncritically framed the conflict in these terms: Nato was trying to help. This volume…
- Part I: The West’s Destruction of Yugoslavia
- 1 Nato and the New World Order: Ideals and Self-Interest(pp. 7-18) 1 Nato and the New World Order: Ideals and Self-Interest(pp. 7-18) Diana Johnstonehttps://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.5
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.5
The relationship between media and official war propaganda is more obscure in ‘open’ than in ‘closed’ societies. In the latter, it is taken for granted that the same government which wages war controls information, and directs the press and other media to select, distort and occasionally invent news reports in order to contribute to public support and enthusiasm for the war effort. In such societies, many people are aware of government censorship of the news and distrust whatever they are told by state-controlled media.
The United States, in contrast, is generally considered the ‘open’ societypar excellence. With the exception…
- 2 Western Intervention and the Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1989–1999
(pp. 19-30)
2 Western Intervention and the Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1989–1999
(pp. 19-30)
David Chandler
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.6
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.6
In 1989, Yugoslavia was a federal state consisting of six republics, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. By the end of 1999 only two republics, Serbia and Montenegro, remained within the rump of the federation which was undergoing further disintegration with Montenegro seeking greater autonomy and Serbia having lost control of the province of Kosovo. The disintegration of Yugoslavia over the last decade has been a bloody and protracted one. In 1991, Slovenian and Croatian independence was marked by armed conflict, in the next four years the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina took central stage and then, in the late 1990s,…
- 3 War Crimes
(pp. 31-38)
3 War Crimes
(pp. 31-38)
Mirjana Skoco and William Woodger
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.7
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.7
The 1990s has been the decade of international criminal tribunals. From a total of zero¹ at the end of the Cold War, tribunals have been established for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, steps have been taken to set up an International Criminal Court, and there have been discussions about tribunals for Cambodia, East Timor and Iraq. What is expected of such tribunals? The 1994 Yearbook of the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)² states its purpose as: ‘to do justice, to deter further crimes, and to contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace’. It also states:
the only civilised…
- 4 The War and its Aftermath
(pp. 39-56)
4 The War and its Aftermath
(pp. 39-56)
Peter Gowan
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.8
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.8
The Nato air war against Yugoslavia lasted for 78 days, from 24 March until 10 June 1999. The Nato powers were allied to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and the air campaign was linked to a KLA ground campaign within Kosovo against Serbian security forces and the Yugoslav army.
Nato’s Balkan war was not only a military action. It was simultaneously a major intervention in European and world politics, throwing down three political challenges: questioning the core legal rules of the inter-state system by attacking a sovereign state without a United Nations Security Council (UNSC) mandate; challenging Russia not only…
- Part II: Seeing the Enemy
- 5 New Militarism and the Manufacture of Warfare(pp. 59-69) 5 New Militarism and the Manufacture of Warfare(pp. 59-69) Richard Keeblehttps://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.9
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.9
The Nato/Yugoslav conflict which erupted in the Balkans in March 1999 can hardly be called a war, as commonly understood. While Nato suffered no casualties, thousands of Yugoslavs were killed: many more were traumatised; and military sites, broadcast stations, hospitals, homes were bombed. Nato had no credible enemy, its planes merely picked off undefended ‘targets’. The nature and significance of the ‘war’ were, essentially, manufactured in the realms of myth, rhetoric and media spectacle.
The Balkans slaughter, in fact, represented a critical moment for a distinctly new kind of militarism which emerged in the US and UK in the 1980s….
- 6 Nazifying the Serbs, from Bosnia to Kosovo
(pp. 70-78)
6 Nazifying the Serbs, from Bosnia to Kosovo
(pp. 70-78)
Mick Hume
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.10
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.10
What one media commentator dubbed ‘the war of Simpson’s voice’ (Observer, 18 April 1999) became an important sub-plot of coverage of the Kosovo conflict, after anonymous government sources rubbished the BBC’s John Simpson for allegedly broadcasting ‘pro-Serb’ reports from Belgrade. In the House of Commons, in the heat of this war of words, Tory MP Edward Garnier asked Prime Minister Tony Blair publicly to repeat the allegations against Simpson which had been widely ascribed to the Prime Minister’s official spokesman, Alastair Campbell. ‘He’s entitled to present what report he likes’, Blair said of John Simpson in reply to Garnier, ‘and…
- 7 The Military and the Media
(pp. 79-87)
7 The Military and the Media
(pp. 79-87)
Mirjana Skoco and William Woodger
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.11
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.11
Vietnam spawned the myth of an ‘anti-war’ media, although in general journalists have never really been critical of wars fought by their own country. The military’s misperception that journalists ‘lost’ the Vietnam War for the US jolted them into a search for methods to control the media. Direct control, from the Falklands and Grenada through Panama and the Gulf, did not provide the solution, since media quiescence during the fighting did not preclude retrospective criticism, and the military have an exaggerated fear that a bad press – even after the fact – can negate a military victory. As one US…
- 8 Symbolic Warfare: Nato versus the Serbian Media
(pp. 88-94)
8 Symbolic Warfare: Nato versus the Serbian Media
(pp. 88-94)
Goran Gocic
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.12
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.12
The closest thing to democracy in Yugoslavia in the 1990s was the press. As elsewhere in Eastern Europe, the new media market was one of the most dynamic and radically transformed areas of public life. Indeed, the Yugoslav press went much further than their Western counterparts in criticising their own government. Particularly the new privately owned publications, such asDnevni telegraf, Danas, Nasa Borba, BlicandGlas, remained both influential and apparently beyond the reach of the authorities for the second half of the decade. The same applies to radio stations, many of which were of an international standard. Television…
- Part III: Reporting the War around the World
- 9 Following Washington’s Script: The United States Media and Kosovo(pp. 97-110) 9 Following Washington’s Script: The United States Media and Kosovo(pp. 97-110) Seth Ackerman and Jim Naureckashttps://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.13
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.13
In times of war, there is always intense pressure for reporters to serve as propagandists rather than journalists. While the role of the journalist is to present the world in all its complexity, giving the public as much information as possible in order to facilitate a democratic debate, the propagandist simplifies the world in order to mobilise the public behind a common goal.
As the Rambouillet negotiations were getting underway in France in February 1999, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright laid out her view of the Kosovo conflict in a major address at the Institute for Peace in Washington. Albright,…
- 10 CNN: Selling Nato’s War Globally
(pp. 111-122)
10 CNN: Selling Nato’s War Globally
(pp. 111-122)
Edward S. Herman and David Peterson
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.14
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.14
The Cable News Network (CNN) made a spectacular leap into prominence as a global news organisation during the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War, with its veteran journalist Peter Arnett reporting live on-the-spot from Baghdad, its already extensive global network of affiliates and outlets in place, and its then-unique 24-hours-a-day news service all contributing to making CNN the news service of choice and maximum influence during the war. CNN has grown substantially since then. By 1999, Time Warner Inc., CNN’s parent company since 1996 and the world’s largest media enterprise, proclaimed with some justification that ‘CNN is the foremost news brand…
- 11 Third Way War: New Labour, the British Media and Kosovo
(pp. 123-131)
11 Third Way War: New Labour, the British Media and Kosovo
(pp. 123-131)
Philip Hammond
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.15
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.15
The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, was the most belligerent Nato leader in the Kosovo war. Following Nato’s decision to escalate the bombing and hit civilian targets, for example, he proclaimed the military must do ‘whatever is necessary to achieve our goals’. Warning there might soon be ‘another Milosevic diplomatic ploy’, Blair declared in advance: ‘we should reject it’ (Sunday Telegraph, 4 April). Paradoxically, such aggression was the product of the decent, caring image meticulously fostered by Blair and his government.
New Labour is renowned for its image-conscious political style, and it was no surprise to find this extended to…
- 12 Censorship by Omission
(pp. 132-140)
12 Censorship by Omission
(pp. 132-140)
John Pilger
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.16
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.16
At the height of the First World War the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, confided to C. P. Scott, editor of theManchester Guardian: ‘If people knew the truth, the war would be stopped tomorrow. But they don’t know and can’t know.’ Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organising of public ignorance shames journalism. It was shame enough eight years ago when the American-led attack on Iraq ended with newspaper editorials lauding the ‘miraculously few casualties’. In truth, up to a quarter of a million people were killed or died in the immediate aftermath, many the very…
- 13 The French Media and the Kosovo War
(pp. 141-152)
13 The French Media and the Kosovo War
(pp. 141-152)
Diana Johnstone
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.17
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.17
As post-modernism illustrates, ideology is one of France’s luxury exports, alongside perfumes and wines. It goes to the head, for better or for worse. It is a field in which France leads its other partners in the ‘international community’, alias Nato, as they set out to make people good by bombing them. The closed Parisian circle of men and women of letters who form public opinion by books, articles, newspaper columns and multiple appearances on television talk shows have been fully mobilised throughout the 1990s to build a new conquering ideology of ‘humanitarian intervention’ on the ruins of Yugoslavia.
French…
- 14 From ‘Never again War’ to ‘Never again Auschwitz’: Dilemmas of German Media Policy in the War against Yugoslavia
(pp. 153-163)
14 From ‘Never again War’ to ‘Never again Auschwitz’: Dilemmas of German Media Policy in the War against Yugoslavia
(pp. 153-163)
Thomas Deichmann
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.18
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.18
This is how Albrecht Reinhard, head of the Foreign Section at Westdeutscher Rundfunk TV, described the new and problematic relationship between politics and media in Germany.¹ Characterising the new government propaganda as ‘perhaps the most dangerous development for journalism’, Reinhard pointed out that the media were entering uncharted territory in the Nato war against Yugoslavia: none of the country’s journalists had experienced a war waged by their own government. Hermann Heym, head of the Association of German Journalists, criticised the quality of German war reporting, warning against emotionalising the conflict and noting that that ‘there had been an anti-Serb tendency…
- 15 ‘Thank you God! Thank you Norway!’ Norwegian Newspapers and the Kosovo War
(pp. 164-169)
15 ‘Thank you God! Thank you Norway!’ Norwegian Newspapers and the Kosovo War
(pp. 164-169)
Karin Trandheim Røn
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.19
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.19
Espen Barth Eide of the Norwegian Institute of Foreign Policy praised the Norwegian press for their varied coverage of the Kosovo conflict, but singled out two exceptions: ‘VGwith its position in favour of bombing, andKlassekampenwith its standpoint against the war’ (Aftenposten, 29 April). In reality, every Norwegian newspaper tooka pro-war stance in its editorial column, with the exception of the leftistKlassekampen, which has a circulation of only 6,500. Some dissident voices were heard: the writer Jostein Gaarder, for example, dismissed the ‘humanitarian’ justification for bombing as ‘absurd’; andDagbladetran a regular diary column written by…
- 16 The Greek ‘Participation’ in Kosovo
(pp. 170-176)
16 The Greek ‘Participation’ in Kosovo
(pp. 170-176)
Nikos Raptis
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.20
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.20
In the twentieth century the Greek people have experienced the ‘influence’ of various foreign powers. A fascist dictatorship by a British-supported king (1936–41) was followed by Nazi occupation (1941–44). A few weeks after the Nazis left, the British occupied the country until 1947. That year the US snatched the baton and American ‘influence’ in Greece began. From 1967 to 1974 this took the form of a brutal dictatorship, but US influence continues still. Perhaps this long experience explains why most Greeks could not accept Nato’s ‘humanitarian’ justification for bombing Yugoslavia. Two surveys conducted 25 days into the air…
- 17 Consensus and Conflict in the Russian Press
(pp. 177-184)
17 Consensus and Conflict in the Russian Press
(pp. 177-184)
Philip Hammond, Lilia Nizamova and Irina Savelieva
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.21
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.21
On the evening of 24 March 1999 Russian state television interrupted its usual programming with the announcement that Nato had started bombing Yugoslavia. The terse style of the newsflash was reminiscent of Soviet Inform-Bureau bulletins during the Great Patriotic War. Yet despite talk – both in Russia and the West – of a Third World War, or at least a new Cold War, the reaction of the Russian media was not monolithic; and neither did opposition to Nato come only from those who wished to turn back the political clock. The impact of the war on Russian political and public…
- 18 India:
(pp. 185-199)
18 India:
(pp. 185-199)
Raju G.C. Thomas and Siddharth Varadarajan
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.22
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.22
Until theTimes of Indiasent one of its senior journalists, Siddharth Varadarajan, to Yugoslavia while it was under attack by Nato, the Indian media and its attentive public saw events in Yugoslavia through the eyes of the Western media. India’s main sources of information about the crisis were Agence France Presse (AFP), Reuters, Associated Press (AP), CNN, BBC, Sky News, andTimeandNewsweekmagazines. Most of the leading Indian newspapers, such as theTimes of India, Hindustan Times, theHindu, Indian Expressand theStatesmansubscribe to AFP, AP and Reuters Wire Services, often amalgamating them together with…
- Conclusions: First Casualty and Beyond
(pp. 200-208)
Conclusions: First Casualty and Beyond
(pp. 200-208)
Philip Hammond and Edward S. Herman
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.23
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.23
The mainstream media of most countries have regularly jumped aboard a patriotic bandwagon when their governments have gone to war, and have very commonly helped stoke war fever. Truth is the ‘first casualty’ in this process (Knightley, 1989), though this is rarely recognised in the heat of battle, when the seemingly obvious justice of the home cause overwhelms the capacity for objective evaluation. Even in war’s aftermath the media are not inclined to rigorous self-examination, although doubts and qualifications on specific matters may seep into the public domain. The media continue to support the ‘home team’, and the retrospective exposure…
- Notes on Contributors
(pp. 209-211)
Notes on Contributors
(pp. 209-211)
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.24
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.24
- References
(pp. 212-216)
References
(pp. 212-216)
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.25
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.25
- Index
(pp. 217-222)
Index
(pp. 217-222)
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs3sb.26
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18fs3sb.26
oooooo
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Why Did NATO Bomb Yugoslavia? | Flashback with Palki Sharma https://youtu.be/NMvQS-vIjGE Honen bidez:
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Why Did NATO Bomb Yugoslavia? | Flashback with Palki Sharma
Why Did NATO Bomb Yugoslavia? | Flashback with Palki SharmaWestern leaders have called the Ukraine war – the first major European conflict since World War II…
ooo
Why Did NATO Bomb Yugoslavia? | Flashback with Palki Sharma
Western leaders have called the Ukraine war – the first major European conflict since World War II. But two decades before Russia’s invasion, another European country’s sovereignty was violated and its cities bombed. It was a ruthless war unleashed by the US-led NATO alliance. Catch the story of NATO’s dark chapter on Flashback with Palki Sharma.
Bideoa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMvQS-vIjGE
Transkripzioa:
0:00
[Music]
0:03
foreign
0:05
[Music]
0:15
[Music]
0:22
February 24 2022 feels just like
0:25
yesterday it was on this day that Russia
0:28
invaded Ukraine every Western expert had
0:30
something to say some complex reasoning
0:33
to give and most of them used one common
0:36
line they said it’s Europe’s first
0:38
conflict since World War II on the first
0:41
attack on European sovereignty since
0:43
1945 you may remember some of that
0:45
commentary
0:46
but last year at the United Nations one
0:49
leader disputed it
0:50
he said hold on yes Ukraine is going
0:53
through a tough time but it’s not the
0:55
first European War since 1945. that
0:58
leader was Alexander vucich he is the
1:01
president of Serbia many say that this
1:04
was the first conflict on the European
1:05
soil after the World War II
1:08
but the truth that the territorial
1:10
Integrity of a country in Europe Serbia
1:13
as a matter of fact which did not attack
1:16
any other sovereign country was violated
1:18
is constantly unspoken which war is he
1:22
talking about you won’t see many
1:24
memorials about it nor will you hear
1:26
calls for accountability because this
1:28
war was waged by NATO and the victim was
1:30
Serbia or as it was called then
1:33
Yugoslavia in 1999 NATO bombed the
1:36
country into the Stone Age soldiers
1:38
civilians and children were all killed
1:39
in one blow NATO broke a country apart
1:43
how and why did they do it time for a
1:46
flashback
1:51
let me show you a map of Europe we’ll
1:53
zoom into this part in the Southeast
1:55
it’s called the Balkans
1:58
at the end of World War II this area was
2:00
one country the Socialist Federal
2:03
Republic of Yugoslavia it was a union of
2:05
six different nationalities Serbia
2:08
Montenegro Bosnia and Herzegovina
2:10
Croatia North Macedonia and Slovenia all
2:14
six are independent countries now but in
2:16
1946 they were one here in India we say
2:20
there is unity in diversity not in
2:22
Yugoslavia though their diversity was
2:24
more aggressive and volatile until 1991
2:27
this wasn’t much of a problem it was a
2:29
communist country it’s a diversity or
2:31
not you kept your mouth shut but in 1991
2:34
communism fell across Eastern Europe
2:36
suddenly there was nothing to suppress
2:38
yugoslavia’s ethnic tensions
2:41
so this is what happened the Country
2:42
Split Bosnia Croatia Slovenia and
2:45
Macedonia left but Serbia and Montenegro
2:48
did not they became the new Yugoslavia
2:51
around this time another internal
2:52
conflict was brewing this involved
2:54
Kosovo now Kosovo was a Serbian province
2:58
if you ask serbians they will say it’s
3:00
the heart of their nationhood but by the
3:03
mid-1990s Kosovo had new residents
3:05
Albanian Muslims and they began asking
3:07
for Independence but Serbia’s president
3:09
would have none of it this man Slobodan
3:12
milosevic at first the kosovan’s
3:15
struggle was non-violent but in 1996 the
3:17
KLA was set up their strategy was quite
3:20
simple if diplomacy and peace won’t work
3:22
let’s fight this out the KLA has been
3:25
accused of multiple war crimes like
3:27
kidnappings riots arson even murders and
3:30
summary executions as the violence
3:33
spread Serbia cracked down if you
3:35
thought the KLA was bad well Serbia was
3:37
worse world powers did try to stop this
3:40
madness the Western Russia created
3:41
something called the contact group now
3:44
they had four proposals immediate
3:46
ceasefire the withdrawal of Serbian
3:48
soldiers return of all refugees and full
3:50
access to International monitors
3:52
milosevic agreed to most of this yet
3:55
violence continued the Kosovo Liberation
3:58
Army used the ceasefire to regroup when
4:01
they attacked Serbia hit back it was
4:03
bloody and ruthless violence during all
4:06
this time the United Nations security
4:07
Council was on the job it condemned
4:09
Yugoslavia
4:11
it also imposed an arms embargo on the
4:14
country it also called for talks with
4:16
albanians but NATO was not satisfied
4:18
they wanted to do more in October 1998
4:21
the alliance issued a threat to
4:22
Yugoslavia stop the violence or face air
4:25
strikes milosevic was spooked he agreed
4:29
to stop the offensive but next year in
4:31
1999 the violence resumed some
4:33
last-ditch talks were held in France the
4:35
Albanian side was ready to strike a deal
4:36
but milosevic was not he moved more
4:39
soldiers and tanks into Kosovo the
4:42
choice was now NATO’s and they chose
4:44
violence on March 24 the airstrikes
4:47
began they continued for almost three
4:49
months 78 days to be precise it was
4:51
called operation Allied Force NATO
4:54
Pilots flew 38 000 sorties out of them
4:57
more than 10 000 were for airstrikes the
4:59
brutality is in the numbers NATO dropped
5:02
around 420 000 bombs on Yugoslavia this
5:05
included 15 Tons of depleted uranium
5:07
bombs and cluster Munitions the same
5:10
ones that are now banned by 123
5:12
countries NATO used them liberally in
5:14
the year 1999. did the United Nations
5:17
sanction any of this of course not
5:19
neither did the security Council approve
5:22
of it
5:22
NATO unilaterally decided to intervene
5:25
they wanted to teach milosovich a lesson
5:27
nothing was spared in the bombing
5:29
Bridges hospitals schools embassies
5:31
factories everything was baggy
5:34
around 1000 Yugoslav soldiers were
5:36
killed along with 500 civilians Serbia
5:38
says the number is much higher around
5:40
2500 fatalities
5:43
later reports confirmed violations of
5:46
international humanitarian laws
5:48
guess how many NATO officials were held
5:50
accountable for all of this zero in fact
5:53
they actively hit their war crimes
5:55
I have a story for you in April 1999
5:58
NATO struck a Railway Bridge in
6:00
Yugoslavia they hit a passenger train
6:02
around 20 people were killed all of them
6:04
civilians a U.S general apologized for
6:07
this mistake he showed everyone a video
6:09
of the bombing he said the train was
6:12
traveling too fast apparently there was
6:14
no time to divert the bomb
6:16
people said okay and moved on but as it
6:18
turned out the general light NATO had
6:21
doctored the bombing video it was shown
6:24
at three times the normal speed that
6:26
train
6:27
why
6:28
so it would seem like the train was
6:30
going too fast
6:32
and no one took the fall for this lie
6:34
the U.S called it a technical error
6:38
and the general
6:39
he retired as a decorated four-star
6:41
officer even ran for president in the
6:43
year 2004.
6:45
this was the reality of NATO’s war in
6:48
the end their troops entered and
6:49
occupied Kosovo they established kosovan
6:52
autonomy even today there is a NATO
6:54
contingent there and what happened to
6:56
milosevic he had no chance against NATO
6:59
so he ended up agreeing to their peace
7:01
terms Kosovo remained part of Serbia but
7:04
with autonomy he was toppled by the
7:06
people next year he would go on to be
7:08
charged with war crimes in 2006
7:10
milosevic was found dead inside his
7:12
prison cell and Yugoslavia it was
7:15
renamed in 2003 to Serbia and Montenegro
7:18
two years later both countries split
7:20
away
7:21
thus ended the century-long story of
7:24
Yugoslavia it remains a controversial
7:25
chapter in history
7:27
was NATO right in bombing the serbians
7:30
they say milosevic was preparing for a
7:32
genocide no doubt he was a war criminal
7:33
but why bomb civilians for that why
7:36
attack radio stations and schools for
7:38
that NATO calls itself a defensive
7:41
military Alliance but there was nothing
7:43
defensive about those three months in
7:45
1999 it was pure and lethal offense
7:49
in 2001 a United Nations Court ruled
7:52
that there was no genocide in Kosovo war
7:53
crimes yes but genocide no the fact is
7:56
NATO chose this path
7:58
in 1994 there was genocide in Rwanda
8:01
NATO was not bothered then in 1999
8:04
Russia attacked chechnya again NATO was
8:06
not bothered but with Serbia they chose
8:08
violence
8:10
something similar happened during the
8:11
second world war America dropped two
8:14
nuclear bombs on Japan the war was
8:17
pretty much over by then so why use
8:19
nuclear bombs
8:21
the U.S says it prevented further
8:23
Bloodshed sure but at what cost the
8:26
lives of 200 000 innocent Japanese
8:28
people my point is an old one history
8:31
has been written by Victors so nobody
8:34
questions the nuclear attacks on Japan
8:36
or the ruthless bombing of Yugoslavia
8:38
only the victims remember
8:40
and NATO they moved from one war crime
8:43
to another after Yugoslavia NATO went on
8:46
to Afghanistan more crimes more
8:48
justifications as you see pictures from
8:51
the latest NATO Summit in Lithuania
8:53
remember that
8:54
this is an alliance of sophisticated men
8:57
and women but their hands are bloody
9:00
with Innocent blood
oooooo
Gehigarri bereziak:
Boris Kozlov
¿Qué pasó con Yugoslavia? El engaño de nuestra vida” es un cortometraje documental en el que cuento lo que fue Yugoslavia para mí, en mi infancia y también mi versión sobre su violenta destrucción.
“What Happened to Yugoslavia? The Deceit of Our Lives” is a short documentary film that explores what Yugoslavia was to me, in my childhood and the story behind its violent destruction.
Bideoa espainieraz entzuten da.
(Ingelesezko) transkripzioa: (Boris-ek eginda)
0:00
Hello, I’m Boris Kozlov, a Madrilenian born in Belgrade, the capital of the former Yugoslavia, now Serbia.
0:07
I came to Madrid with my parents as a child, and I lived in a kind of deferred reality
0:10
Through the accounts of relatives, friends, and the media As my country descended into civil war and disintegration .
0:19
I was 14 years old when that nightmare began, and I was 22 when, as a kind of macabre finale, NATO bombed Belgrade, my hometown.
0:34
This is my version of:
0:37
WHAT HAPPENED TO YUGOSLAVIA? THE DECEIT OF OUR LIVES
0:42
Dedicated to my father Aleksandar Kozlov, 1954-2021
0:45
Yugoslavia literally means “country of the South Slavs.”
0:49
“jug” is south, “Slav” – Slavs.
0:52
It would translate to – SOUTH-SLAV-LAND.
0:56
The Slavs include all of these
0:58
Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks –
1:03
Serbs, Montenegrins, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Bulgarians.
1:08
Residents of the Balkan Peninsula for 15 centuries.
1:14
Since medieval times, these lands have been the preferred
1:20
target of expansion and exploitation by Turkish Sultans and German Emperors.
1:25
The Balkans’ history is, to a large extent, the struggle of the Slavic people to gain control of our destiny.
1:32
To stop being the infantry in the armies of some or lackeys in the palaces of others,
1:38
To shake off their tributes and laws and write our own.
1:44
And so, between one popular uprising and the next, a bold idea started taking shape
1:50
What if the Slavs in this region unite and create a strong kingdom to collectively resist future imperial attacks?
2:00
And so, at the end of the infamous First World War, Yugoslavia was born
2:06
Initially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
2:13
Yugoslavia emerged from the Second World War with a charismatic communist leader as head of state,
2:19
the unique and inimitable Marshal Tito.
2:37
Tito implemented a sui generis communism somewhere between the Soviet model and free Europe.
2:43
Without committing to anyone, but with the benefits and support of both sides.
2:49
The United States found it convenient to have a buffer state, as they called it, between the countries of the Soviet bloc and NATO.
2:58
Washington treated Tito with the highest state honors, and Yugoslavia had a privileged diplomatic and commercial status.
3:24
My parents grew up, and I grew up in that historical miracle known as “The Golden Age of Yugoslavia.”
3:32
It was a prosperous socialist country. The state provided housing, education, and free and quality healthcare for everyone.
3:40
Competitive industry, agrarian power, an open country, and freedom to travel for all.
4:18
In the name of the International Olympic Committee
4:23
I want to thank the organizers
4:27
and the Yugoslav people.
4:31
Yugoslavia was a federal republic composed of six autonomous republics.
4:37
Ethnic and linguistic diversity was guaranteed by the Constitution.
4:42
…but most importantly: it was real.
4:44
My friends were Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Bosnians, Hungarians… you couldn’t tell where anyone was from.
4:49
We spent our vacations on the Croatian Adriatic.
4:52
There was a language we all understood, and dozens of regional languages, and it was not a problem.
4:58
I don’t mean to say that it was some kind of Eden:
5:01
there were single-party elections, tensions, strikes, social protests like anywhere else.
5:07
Student movements in May ’68, socially critical cinema, punk and rock.
5:16
We had the best basketball team in the world, for a reason.
5:21
But most importantly: we were a country, a developing country, a multicultural, diverse, strange, unique project.
5:33
The news just connected to this room, and we’re live.
5:39
At three, for all Yugoslavs,
5:42
Three, four…
5:46
Yugoslavia, stand up, sing loudly,
5:55
whoever doesn’t hear the song, will hear thunderstorms.
6:10
My parents were 6 years old when the first summit of the so-called Non-Aligned Countries took place in Belgrade.
6:19
While the US and the USSR piled up nuclear warheads, Tito led this third world movement inspired by Mahatma Gandhi.
6:29
In the face of a world of imperialist powers that interfere, blackmail, and dictate everyone’s agenda:
6:36
peaceful coexistence, an end to the proliferation of weapons, respect and equality among peoples.
6:42
With the United Nations as the decisive body for global order and justice.
6:59
The ’80s were the decade of my carefree and happy childhood.
7:08
I traveled, played soccer with my friends, watched Carl Sagan’s “Cosmos.”
7:12
I drew and built robots, cars, monsters…
7:15
I loved movies with heroes and villains.
7:18
And then, in early 1989, my parents told me we were moving to Spain.
7:27
I didn’t want to; I had no desire to leave my friends, but they told me it would be fun…
7:33
…that I would learn Spanish and that we’d only be there for four years, then we’d return, and everything would be as it was.
7:42
The fact is, we never returned because a few years later, the disaster began.
7:46
At 13, I didn’t understand anything, but I felt that something bad was beginning to happen.
7:52
There was a new concern in my parents’ voices, long and serious phone conversations…
7:59
I began to hear words like economic embargo, inflation, Schengen visa…
8:05
and one day I heard the word “war.”
8:10
…and it was nothing like this.
8:14
It was the horror.
8:33
I couldn’t understand how anyone could do this.
8:38
How does this fit under the sky? How is it possible that this happens?
8:44
Why do they do it?
8:47
Because they’re Croats?… Or Serbs?… Or Muslims?
8:53
And suddenly, it was all anyone talked about: Who shot first?
8:59
Are we the bad guys? Are these the good guys?
9:06
But how did we go from this to this?
9:10
The answer from most amateur history YouTubers, like documentaries on La2 and the BBC,
9:18
and textbooks in this part of the world, is that, well… Yugoslavia was very “young,” “artificial”…
9:22
…a “hotbed” of “too many conflicting ethnicities,” a “powder keg.”
9:25
And sooner or later, it had to explode.
9:30
Segmentation wars were “inevitable.”
9:34
Most of the international community’s response was to celebrate peace and the birth of six new European states from the ashes of outdated Yugoslavia.
9:40
Thanks to the International Community peace was possible, and six new european states were born from the ashes of Yugoslavia
9:50
Leaves fall in autumn, salmon go to spawn in spring, and people in the Balkans make war and kill each other.
9:58
Well, it didn’t happen that way.
10:01
The death of Yugoslavia was not spontaneous or natural. It was provoked.
10:08
It was a full-blown, uncontrolled, and dirty demolition.
10:15
Take the red pill, put on your sunglasses, and get ready:
10:19
here comes the tough part.
10:21
THE DEMOLITION OF YUGOSLAVIA
10:27
After forty years of playing Monopoly against Moscow, Washington wins the Cold War.
10:32
The Berlin Wall falls, the Warsaw Pact is dismantled, The Soviet Union crumbles,
10:37
and with it, the satellite governments throughout Eastern Europe.
10:42
It’s the end of communist scarcity and repression, and people celebrate it like a festival.
10:48
Pizza Hut and nylon stockings make their way to Eastern Europe.
10:53
A new government comes to power that doesn’t resist the West, and NATO has a free pass to expand to the east.
11:02
From the perspective of geostrategic monopoly, it was a resounding success. But there was a loose end:
11:10
Yugoslavia was not a Soviet satellite. It was independent and free,
11:15
and yes, it had all kinds of difficulties in the late ’80s:
11:19
the communist party was terribly inefficient and stuck in the past, paralyzed after Tito’s death,
11:26
but even with all this, it was far from any popular uprising.
11:31
The vast majority of Yugoslavs desired reforms and openness, but not at the cost of overthrowing the government,
11:38
nor dismantling the Yugoslav federation, let alone attacking each other.
11:43
To conquer this square, Washington and its partners applied the most basic of imperial doctrines:
11:51
divide and conquer.
11:54
In early 1990, the US Congress suspended the trade treaty with Yugoslavia,
12:00
and the International Monetary Fund, Washington’s economic battering ram, declared that now, as a condition of its credit,
12:07
a tailor-made structural adjustment was imposed.
12:11
THE IMF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
12:13
They applied a mix of currency devaluation, salary freezes, price deregulation, and tax increases.
12:22
In a matter of months, 2,435 state-owned enterprises closed, and 600,000 people lost their jobs.
12:30
The Yugoslav economy went into a coma, GDP fell by 22.5%, and inflation soared to 200%.
12:38
And it kept rising to an absurd 1,134%.
12:42
The structural adjustment by the IMF boys was yielding excellent results.
12:48
Meanwhile, their colleagues in Congress were now inviting the constituent republics to become independent.
12:56
This is the Foreign Operations Appropriations Law of November 1991.
13:00
On page 85, they agree that, from a certain date, they will support the holding of free elections in the six constituent republics of Yugoslavia.
13:10
I want you to think for a moment what this implies:
13:14
the economy is paralyzed, the national currency is devalued, there are massive strikes across the country,
13:21
and at that moment, the world’s superpower tells you that it not interested anymore in dealing with you, the government of a sovereign country,
13:30
and that from now on, it is more interested in dealing with the representatives of the constituent republics,
13:36
and that it is providing funds and loans if they become independent.
13:42
The government protests, understandably, tries to manoeuvre, but there is nothing to be done.
13:47
And all the players in the game understand that Yugoslavia is doomed.
13:56
The session is adjourned.
14:00
NATIONALISM ON STEROIDS – or how not to segment a state –
14:04
Overnight, new nationalist leaders emerge.
14:10
Until yesterday, party apparatchiks who pledged loyalty to the Federation now present themselves
14:15
as saviours of the race and tell us that there is Yugoslavia no more.
14:21
That now we are Slovenes. We are Croats. We are Serbs. We are Muslims. We are Kosovars. Remember your origins. Remember your God. They hate us. This land belongs to us.
14:25
Recuerda tus orígenes. Recuerda a tu Dios. Ellos nos odian. Esta tierra nos pertenece.
14:29
Yugoslavia is sinking. Europe awaits us.
14:33
And at that moment, Yugoslavia breaks and sinks into chaos and war
14:48
And mind you, let no one think that I am making an argument here against the self-determination of any people.
14:54
But if the Yugoslav federation had to be dissolved, it should have been done differently:
15:00
through an internal process, a transition, engaging in politics, with guarantees of peace, all the time in the world
15:08
and, above all, putting people first.
15:13
But no, it was done hastily by raising flags, pumping in money and weapons, and fanning the flames.
15:20
It was done knowingly, knowing that there would be trouble. It was done knowingly that it wouldn’t be a clean break,
15:25
and if it wasn’t done slowly, there would be conflict, and the ghosts of the past and the worst elements of society would rise.
15:33
“But Boris! Yugoslavia was a hotbed of many ethnicities and religions, that’s why it fell apart.”
15:38
I’ll repeat one thing to make it clear: in the ’80s, no one cared where you were from,
15:44
it simply wasn’t an issue or at most was a curiosity, a jest.
15:49
In Yugoslavia, there was no more ethnic tension than Spain has with Catalonia and the Basque Country.
15:54
Scotland wants independence, Wales, Bavaria, Corsica, Flanders
16:00
All these territories have a project of independence, their own history, a slightly different language
16:07
The difference is that in the case of Yugoslavia, there were powerful interests in favor of separation
16:13
and in these other cases, the interests are insufficient to tip the balance.
16:21
We hope to welcome you as a partner in NATO
16:25
May God bless Croatia and thank you for coming.
16:28
CUI BONO? Cicero and Seneca asked to affirm that
16:32
“The one who benefits of the crime is the one who has committed it”
16:36
Who benefits from a broken Yugoslavia? Let’s see.
16:40
When the wars ended, everything of value from the former Yugoslavia: power companies, telecommunications,
16:47
…mining, automotive, everything has been privatized and sold to the highest bidder.
16:52
The small, heavily indebted economies are secondary markets dependent on European banks
16:58
where the best option for educated people is to emigrate. BETWEEN 24% AND 35% OF YOUTH EXPRESS A “STRONG DESIRE” TO EMIGRATE
17:03
They are economically and politically subordinated territories:
17:07
Neutrality and anti-war sentiment in Yugoslavia are gone.
17:10
Washington militarily controls the Balkans: NATO has expanded into 4 out of the 6 states
17:16
simply wasn’t an issue or at most was a curiosity
17:22
America awaits the day when all the nations of the Balkans become part of NATO.
17:29
Would Yugoslavia exist today without Atlantic interference?
17:34
Maybe yes, maybe no, and I honestly don’t care.
17:38
What I’m sure of is that there wouldn’t have been all this suffering.
17:48
What I do care about and what makes me cry and boil with anger is the stupidity and unnecessary nature of all this pain.
18:00
The story of every former Yugoslav, child, elderly, from the north, from the south, Muslim, Orthodox,
18:06
Catholic, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Slovenian, Macedonian, Croatian, Hungarian, Greek, Roma, Albanian, Serbian and those I left out
18:12
We’ve all been deceived, and we’re all a little broken inside.
18:20
We didn’t want this war.
18:22
We love people; we don’t want anyone’s death.
18:26
And we don’t hate, not even now.
18:35
We’ve been deceived, yes, over and over again
18:40
and then forced to accept the victor’s version and the botched closure of this trauma in our lives.
18:50
Because yes, some of those responsible have been arrested and prosecuted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
18:58
but there is another part that is untouchable.
19:05
They cannot be judged, nor even criticized. They enjoy a comfortable old age or remain active
19:10
giving lessons on democracy and international relations, receiving tributes and awards
19:16
because they are protected.
19:20
I accuse Washington and NATO and all their accomplices who worked to undermine the Yugoslav project
19:27
and pushed us into the abyss of civil war.
19:34
I accuse the visible and the invisible heads who played monopoly with my country.
19:41
To those who lied, deceived, and conspired, and used us as a means to their ends.
19:49
I accuse those who made bombs rain and called the victims collateral damage.
19:56
I accuse the so-called diplomats and the media
20:01
who obediently lied a thousand times.
20:12
From a distance, the parents of Slavic unity watch over us.
20:19
How much ink has been spilled, how much blood shed, how many heroic uprisings against imperial invaders
20:26
to end up divided and at odds again under the tutelage of the new empire and new masters to obey.
20:39
Final Part: And now, what?
20:45
Making this video has surprised me to discover that there are many people, but many, shedding a tear,
20:51
nostalgic for what was there and is no more, for how good life was in Yugoslavia and the brutality with which it was dynamited.
20:59
The Yugoslav spirit endures: it’s in complicit glances, in the shared language
21:04
that, to avoid calling it Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, or Yugoslav, people call it “naški,” which means “ours.”
21:12
It’s in the comments on YouTube, in films and series, and music concerts,
21:18
people traveling again, in artists and young people looking to heal wounds.
21:24
In a certain sense, Yugoslavia is still alive. You just have to know how to see it.
21:37
Wait, one last question: Why do you think Yugoslavia is so important and unique for organizing all this geopolitical shenanigans?
21:46
It’s not important or unique for anything. Washington has been conducting regime changes all over the world since the end of World War II.
21:54
A government or ruler they don’t like because it’s not subservient to them, a government they overthrow or attempt to, causing a catastrophe.
22:02
This is the list of the 58 “regime change operations” taken from the website of the analyst William Blum.
22:09
Many sensible and brave people, sometimes risking their reputation, their careers, and even their freedom,
22:15
work to expose the dark side of geopolitics, the gangsterism of the empire we find ourselves in.
22:22
And the devastating impact it has on the lives of people all over the planet.
22:29
This video isn’t meant to be the ultimate truth or to cover, in 20 minutes, the full complexity of what Yugoslavia was or the causes of its demise.
22:37
It’s a synthesis of my experiences, my focus, and my research, which is based, to a large extent, on these three books I recommend to you:
22:45
“Against Empire” by Michael Parenti, “NATO in the Balkans” by various authors, and “Monopoly: NATO’s Conquest of the World.”
22:55
I’ll leave the references in the video description and also provide links to other readings and videos of interest.
23:01
And, in passing, I announce that I’m interested in learning about other stories like mine,
23:06
from ex-Yugoslavs reflecting on what the country’s breakup meant for them, but also from people of other nations
23:11
who have been rolled over by imperialism.
23:16
This process has helped me unload what’s inside me, and I also believe that our stories should be told, whether people like it or not.
23:23
Write to me, and I commit to helping you in any way I can to tell your story.
ooo
¿Qué pasó en Yugoslavia?: 25 años de los Bombardeos de la OTAN (Entrevista Boris Kozlov) | Caféinna
Inna Afinogenova entrevista a Boris Kozlov, guionista y director del cortometraje documental ‘¿Qué pasó en Yugoslavia? El engaño de nuestra vida’, cuando se cumplen 25 años de los bombardeos de la OTAN. En esa intervención ganó el relato de la propaganda occidental, EE.UU. y sus aliados consiguieron oxígeno en un momento en el que se cuestionaba la existencia de la Alianza Atlántica y fue la primera vez que se hizo la guerra sin la aprobación del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU. ¿Cómo era la vida en Yugoslavia antes de la guerra? ¿Qué cambió para que todo estallara? ¿Cuál fue el papel de la OTAN y los organismos internacionales? ¿Hay guerras justas?
00:00 Inicio. ¿De qué va el video?
01:40 La vida en Yugoslavia antes de que estallen las guerras.
06:15 “Aquello que nos pasó y que me pasó es como una bola que necesitas tiempo para procesar y yo he tardado 20 años”.
07:36 La caída del bloque socialista: Yugoslavia pierde su función para la OTAN.
09:35 El papel de EE.UU. y el FMI en la crisis de los 90.
11:55 El surgimiento de los líderes nacionalistas.
17:06 “Vivimos en la era del imperio norteamericano”
18:26 “Las informaciones eran narrativas que no explicaban el contexto y servían de base para esas intervenciones y embargos económicos”.
18:24 Acusaciones de ‘promilosevic’ a quienes se opusieron a la intervención de la OTAN.
21:44 Los ganadores y los perdedores: “Good for the business, bad for the people”.
25: 22 ¿Fueron juzgados todos los responsables?
26:52 Serbia hoy: “Lo veo con preocupación, porque en cualquier momento puede haber una escalada”.
28:48 “Todas las guerras se parecen en el sufrimiento y en el padecimiento de los ciudadanos”.
29:57 El papel de la ONU en las guerras.
32:48 La acogida del documental.
35:41 Planes para el futuro.
0:00
se cumplen 25 años de los bombardeos de la otan sobre yugoslavia 9,000 toneladas
0:05
de bombas en menos de 3 meses que destrozaron a toda una nación y dejaron miles de Muertos hoy ese país no existe
0:11
pero aquella intervención militar nos dejó muchas enseñanzas para la posteridad aquel 24 de marzo ganó una
0:18
vez más el relato de la propaganda el que decía que yugoslavia era un polvorín con demasiadas etnias enfrentadas que
0:25
había que evitar un genocidio en kosovo que milosevic no entendía otros lenguajes que no fuesen los de la fuerza
0:32
ese relato le vino muy bien a la otan para sobrevivir el bloque socialista había caído y muchos cuestionaban que la
0:38
alianza siguiese existiendo Así que Estados Unidos y sus aliados convirtieron la intervención en yugoslavia en una suerte de Misión moral
0:46
tenían la obligación de hacer algo un argumento que se repetiría en casi cualquier conflicto posterior también
0:52
fue la primera vez que se hacía la Guerra sin la autorización del Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU algo que hoy ya
0:58
es habitual todo ello afectó gravemente a las Naciones Unidas y comenzó a decirse ya de aquella que era un
1:03
organismo del que se podía prescindir para hablar de todos estos temas hoy en cafeína entrevistamos a Boris koslov
1:09
guionista y director del cortometraje documental Qué pasó en yugoslavia el engaño de nuestra vida no se olviden de
1:16
suscribirse a nuestros canales de YouTube denle me gusta a este vídeo compártanlo en sus redes y déjennos sus
1:22
comentarios y ya si quieren y pueden háganse socios y socias de canal Red porque este tipo de contenidos es
1:29
posible gracias a ustedes que son nuestra fuente de financiación [Música]
1:37
comenzamos bueno Boris qué tal Muchas gracias gracias por acompañarnos en
1:42
cafeína vamos a charlar un poco sobre tu documental sobre tu vida eh para quien
1:49
no te conozca para que te sepan ubicar bien tú naciste en Belgrado capital de
1:54
la antigua yugoslavia y cuando eras muy pequeño llegaste aquí a España con tus
2:00
padres y esa Estancia iba a ser temporal eso es eh pero poco después estalló la
2:06
guerra y no regresaste a tu país para narrar tu experiencia dirigiste un documental
2:13
recientemente que pasó con yugoslavia eh qué recuerdas tú de tu infancia Cómo era
2:19
tu vida en Belgrado y después la tercera pregunta qué te llevo a hacer el
2:24
documental Vale pues empiezo por la primera pregunta vale Cómo era mi vida
2:30
en Belgrado eh Mira es una pregunta normal natural pero también es una
2:36
pregunta extraña porque mi vida era normal mi vida era yo tengo un
2:43
recuerdo fantástico de una infancia una niñez
2:50
placentera de libertad de juego de irme al cine con con mis madres con mi tía de
2:58
de viajar dentro de yugoslavia también al extranjero de Bueno pues
3:04
soñar pues seré yo que sé pues ingeniero astronauta o cazador de dinosaurios Pero
3:11
y he nacido aquí no tenía nada de particular no porque muchas veces eh
3:17
quizás a a gente que no conoce yugoslavia que la hay curiosamente
3:24
e hay Hay que darles el dato yugoslavia no formaba parte del blo soviético no
3:30
era un país que íbamos todos uniformados y haciendo colas para el pan ni ni
3:37
temerosos de que nos arresten por la calle era era Era lo era lo contrario Es
3:43
que la pregunta te la hago parece muy ingenua muy naíf que es como Cómo era tu infancia en yugoslavia pero precisamente
3:49
porque en el documental tú dices que se vendió una imagen de yugoslavia a al
3:54
mundo que bueno que tú criticas no por eso de ahí viene la pregunta qué imagen qué es lo que se vendió porque si esto
4:00
no era no formaba parte del bloque soviético Sí yo creo que más que o sea el tema del vender las imágenes eso vino
4:08
después yo creo que de entrada hay un desconocimiento piensa que bueno son los 80
4:14
eh yugoslavia está cerca y no tan cerca no y además todo lo que se acerca al a
4:22
al telón de acero es como además Belgrado no suena como eso que eso a mí me han dicho pero eso es Rusia No eso es
4:28
Rusia bueno Bueno hay un desconocimiento y bueno Y luego si hay gente que ha
4:34
viajado y ha tenido unas vacaciones fantásticas en en yugoslavia y dice no pues yo me lo he pasado genial allí pero
4:41
bueno Yo creo que es más desconocimiento y y el tema de vender la imagen No pues
4:47
es un país comunista que necesita reformas democráticas una intervención eso vino después la tercera
4:55
pregunta que no respondiste sobre Qué te ha hecho filmar el documental e yo
5:02
llegué en el 89 y las empezó a ver ya digamos cosas raras
5:10
titulares un poco inquietantes en Pues pores el 91 no Ya empezó a ver noticias
5:17
de que algo estaba pasando y a mí me preguntaban mis compañeros de clase Oye
5:22
qué pasa Qué pasa en yugoslavia qué ocurre no y yo intentaba contestar Como podía
5:27
eh Y esto se ha ido repitiendo No pues en la universidad H cuando iba a un
5:34
concierto de música o trabajando eh la gente me preguntaba qué pasa en
5:40
yugoslavia tú eres de allí qué está pasando y yo intentaba contestar pero la
5:45
cosa era compleja yo no lo entendía se mezclaban informaciones
5:51
contrainformacion emociones eh en mi casa en la casa de mis padres pues había
5:57
conversaciones constantemente donde yo recibía unas noticias y el país o el
6:03
mundo O el periódico que sea informaba de otra cosa entonces era un cacao y
6:10
bueno lo digo en el documental es una especie de trauma o sea es un trauma los
“Aquello que nos pasó y que me pasó es como una bola que necesitas tiempo para procesar y yo he tardado 20 años”.
6:16
hay mucho más gordos pero aquello que nos pasó y que me pasó es como una bola
6:23
que necesitas tiempo para procesar y yo he tardado 20 años Así es un poco dram
6:30
contarlo Pero bueno estoy contento porque lo he hecho porque son muchas
6:35
cosas es muy complejo y yo quise y respondo Ya por fin contestar a todas
6:41
las personas a las que les he ido diciendo Oye cuando tengamos un rato nos
6:46
tomamos un café y te lo cuento La verdad es que hasta ahora no se lo había
6:51
contado a nadie eh con toda su extensión porque para contarlo hay que hablar de
6:57
antecedentes de contexto geopolítica de de muchísimas cosas y bueno tenía que
7:04
quitarme la espina cuando llevo la disolución de la urs comenzaron los
7:09
problemas Pese a que yugoslavia como bien dices e tenía había mantenido relaciones
7:17
cordiales con ambos bloques no con el bloque socialista con el bloque occidental e Qué cambió ahí para Estados Unidos y
7:24
para sus aliados no para que de repente se empezase a
7:30
la necesidad de una intervención y de esas reformas democráticas de las que que mencionaste Pues mira Parece ser que
7:37
yugoslavia perdió su función o sea yo he
7:42
encontrado que yugoslavia el país donde yo nací tenía como un apodo un apellido que era buffer
7:50
State que es estado tapón Y eso para los
7:58
geoestrategicas significaba que pues había un país geográficamente pues situado ahí para
8:06
taponar eh diría no e digamos una posible
8:11
invasión soviética Entonces les convenía tener buenas relaciones con yugoslavia
8:18
con Tito como Pues eso como un como un seto no ahí de eh de que tenía que
8:25
amortiguar Eh Pues esa invasión cuando cayó la unión soviética cuando cayó el
8:31
muro de Berlín ese seto Dejó de ser necesario simplemente y Y entonces
8:40
cambiaron las maneras cambiaron los privilegios cambiaron las palabras cambiaron los tonos
8:47
y yugoslavia fue prescindible y digamos esa frontera no que había entre los dos
8:54
bloques que Eh pues Baker etcétera se
9:00
comprometieron a no avanzar digamos no extender la otan con gorbachov no fue
9:06
uno de los acuerdos no vamos a a correr digamos la la Barrera o o El encuentro
9:13
entre los dos entre las dos bloques no han empezado precisamente por por
9:20
yugoslavia la expansión de la otan eh se ha ha discurrido y ahora vemos que el
9:26
mapa europeo pues aparte de otros nuevos estados y nuevos miembros de la otan
9:31
están los países de la ex yugoslavia también en esos años Estados Unidos si lo mencionas en el documental suspende
9:38
el tratado de comercio con yugoslavia el fmi impone un ajuste brutal no para acceder a su crédito que bueno supuso el
9:45
quiebre de economía eso también fue parte de esa estrategia en el documental hablaste
9:50
también de del divide Y vencerás si nos podrías explicar un poco hay que pensar
9:56
que para para dar estas respuestas Pues he tenido que leer libros Ver
10:02
películas y abstraer mucho porque cuando las cosas ocurren Esto no se ve no se nota pero a toro pasado y analizando un
10:10
poco las diferentes actuaciones de de de de los Estados Unidos y de la
10:17
otan esta fue relativamente sencilla En comparación con las que han hecho más
10:23
tarde no sé en Irak o con las revoluciones coloradas estas o
10:28
sea iamente eh primero actuaron sobre la economía
10:34
yugoslavia era una economía pequeña no tenía ningún tipo de poder de de
10:39
resistencia en ese sentido estaba debilitada no estaba en un buen momento
10:44
pero las reformas del fmi la estrangularon por completo eran formas
10:50
diseñadas para crujir la economía y digamos poner el país de rodillas No por
10:58
otra parte eh digamos este envite político eso sí que es completamente
11:04
increíble es muy interesante para quien quien le interese este tema para que no no pero para quien le interese que lo
11:10
mire porque esta Ley Ley de asignaciones de operaciones exteriores de noviembre de 91 son reuniones del Congreso
11:19
habituales que ellos tienen para tomar decisiones en donde invierten dinero no Y entonces hay
11:25
una parte en una página que comentan que Pues a partir de ahora van a destinar
11:32
fondos eh para el caso de que o para aquellas provincias o repúblicas o
11:40
partes integrantes de yugoslavia que deciden organizar una referéndum de
11:45
Independencia y unas elecciones libres no Y entonces eh Cuando esto te lo dice
11:52
la superpotencia mundial Imagínate cómo te quedas no imagínate esa tarde No esa
11:57
mañana donde donde los políticos yugoslavos tanto los que están en el
12:03
poder como los que están en imaginándose no cómo sería eh tener un país eh dicen
12:11
ostras esto es una buena oportunidad no Cómo puedo aplicar eh para esto me parece algo alucinante sobre todo porque
12:18
no cuesta mucho e imaginarlo para otros países vamos a
12:23
imaginar que el congreso de los Estados Unidos decide eh que va a poner fondos y
12:29
apoyar Pues un referéndum de independencia de una parte de España pongamos no sé cualquiera Entonces esto
12:40
sacude esto cambia las cosas y un país que estaba ya debilitado con toda esa
12:45
situación económica realmente era un Pues eso estaban tenía
12:50
los días contados dijiste ahora algo muy interesante unos minutos antes sobre que
12:57
tú en tu casa recibías una informción después leías el país el mundo y te contaban otras cosas tú estabas aquí no
13:05
cuando empezó la guerra y yo te quería preguntar como una persona que pues vivió en una familia Serbia Cómo operó
13:11
la propaganda bélica de aquel lado en ese momento si si lo recuerdas lo que lo que
13:19
descubrí analizándolo primero viviéndolo y después analizándolo es que el estado
13:26
de paz y de coexistencia es mucho más frágil de lo que nos
13:32
creemos y que el caos y la barbarie están a la vuelta de la esquina o sea
13:38
yugoslavia es un ejemplo Pero esto que cuento eh lo
13:45
cuentan personas que han sobrevivido Guerras en todas las épocas y todos los
13:51
hemisferios eh Y y una gran Referencia para mí es
13:57
Chávez Nogales la sangre y fuego que habla de este mismo tipo de situaciones
14:03
y del sálvese quien pueda sálvese quien pueda y entonces cuando tu vida o tu
14:10
familia están en peligro haces lo que sea y ahora echo un poco para atrás y me
14:18
gustaría darte la explicación a través de una metáfora que se me ha ocurrido que es como muy clara y que no la
14:25
utilicé en el en el documental porque se me ocurrió después y es
14:31
eh La La La La sensación digamos o el o el efecto Titanic no el efecto Titanic
14:38
cuando los políticos yugoslavos se dan cuenta de
14:45
que no hay vuelta atrás de que esto es una cosa que está rota que está descosida y que el Titanic se hunde
14:52
empieza ese caos empieza a romperse por todos lados y ahí pues eh Aparecen las
15:01
propagandas la las contrapropaganda y aparece un efecto terrible que te sonará
15:08
que es cuanto peor mejor es decir que los peores elementos de la sociedad son
15:13
los que más gritan son los que más bandera sacan son los que más proclaman
15:19
y manipulan y utilizan el discurso y el odio para sus propios intereses pues lo
15:25
que es la guerra civil lo que es el arranque de una guerra civil que es terrible que es eh sangriento y en en el
15:32
que todo vale digamos cualquier región No ya sea grande o pequeña tiene un
15:37
representante y entre esos representantes los hay pues pues más
15:43
moderados y pacíficos y los hay más encendidos y ambiciosos había políticos
15:48
que no se podían imaginar lo que lo que estáa comenzando y había comentarios del
15:54
estilo de es imposible que Europa permita que por ejemplo se independice de esa
16:02
manera Croacia o eslovenia eso no va a pasar Europa va a estar del lado del
16:08
Estado soberano y bueno vamos a hacer Pues los procesos y las transiciones
16:14
pero Europa no no obró así Estados Unidos no obró así hubo hubo como una
16:19
especie de soltarlo y que caiga y que se rompa y que pase lo que tenga que pasar
16:24
eso es la la irresponsabilidad externa y y y lo que ha pasado dentro pues
16:31
es terrorífico y la otra propaganda porque tú estabas aquí Cómo operó En
16:38
aquellos años la otan la existencia de la otan estaba bastante cuestionada y de
16:43
repente se justifica de alguna forma la necesidad de echar 9000 toneladas de
16:49
bombas sobre sobre un país se hace a través de un órdago se se hace a través
16:56
del del poder Imperial m Esto no es un
17:01
punto de vista esto es un hecho estamos viviendo en la era del Imperio norteamericano eh es el es el es el país
17:10
es la potencia que más bases militares tiene digamos de largo eh oficialmente
17:20
540 por ahí extraoficialmente 700 800 están por todas partes están eh
17:27
desplegados están interfiriendo están interviniendo para sus intereses esto
17:33
Bueno pues quien qui quien se interesa un poco lo puede descubrir eso no es no es una teoría no es una conspiración
17:40
esto es público es público una parte de ello otra parte no tanto pero bueno pues
17:47
lo han hecho porque han podido porque porque porque pueden porque se comportan
17:52
como un bully eh a nivel internacional y así sin más y Tú recuerdas la prensa
18:00
española de aquel tiempo recuerdas algo particular Mira piensa una cosa eh
18:06
quienes recibían el impacto en primera línea en mi casa eran mis padres es
18:12
decir yo yo recuerdo a mis padres comprando los periódicos eh leyéndolos
18:18
sujetándose la frente así escribiendo contestándole constantemente
18:23
eh Porque las informaciones eran H
“Las informaciones eran narrativas que no explicaban el contexto y servían de base para esas intervenciones y embargos económicos”.
18:29
superficiales eran incorrectas era narrativa que no venía de la realidad
18:36
que no explicaba la complejidad ni el contexto y que bueno pues servía digamos
18:42
de guion o de base o de soporte para esas ya sea intervenciones ya sea
18:48
embargos económicos ya sea eh todo tipo de Procedimientos menos los
18:55
que yo Considero que tenían que haberse adoptado y es bien que hay un país que se va a segmentar vamos a poner todos
19:01
los medios democráticos todos los apoyos eh toda la inteligencia todo el todo
19:09
todo el despliegue de las Naciones Unidas eh Y no de Estados Unidos eh para
19:16
que para que bueno pues este país esté en paz siga en paz es curioso porque ya
19:23
En aquel momento a todos los que se opusieron a esa intervención los tacharon de PR milosevich mm eh Como si
19:30
estar en contra de la guerra fuese Eh no fuese un argumento válido tú cómo lo
19:36
evalúas Yo creo que es sofismo creo que es eh simplemente manipular los argumentos
19:44
y las palabras para ganar un argumento en una conversación eh yo creo que
19:52
eh Cuando hablamos de guerra parece que hay como una es como una abstracción no
19:58
la guerra parece como incluso algo épico algo noble No pues una lucha parece
20:03
guerra lucha no eh la guerra es el horror la guerra es lo peor que hay y eh
20:14
es algo que hay que evitar eh per sé o sea es es Es algo que no no tiene y no
20:20
puede tener ninguna justificación solo en la campaña de los bombardeos murieron
20:26
25,000 personas en la en los bombardeos eh a Belgrado cuyo aniversario es ahora
20:33
pronto dentro de de unos días Eh esa cifra estamos acostumbrados casi
20:40
a escuchar cifras de muertes civiles y y
20:45
lo que a mí me me escandaliza y yo creo que a cualquiera que lo piense
20:50
verdaderamente es que no son civiles son personas como nuestros hermanos nuestros
20:58
abuelos nuestras madres y padres y que alguien decida que revienten
21:07
físicamente sus cuerpos porque no sé porque en un despacho
21:14
parece que cuadra porque parece que es una buena decisión y entonces mandan a un chaval para que pulse botones quiero
21:20
decir eso es la guerra la guerra es una cosa brutal Quién ganó con esa
21:27
intervención porque siempre hay algún ganador en todas estas campañas Mira analizando las
21:35
distintas intervenciones de Estados Unidos en por el mundo hay hay un común
21:41
late motive que se repite vale Y es good for the business Bad for The People es
21:47
algo malo para las personas que viven allí para las pequeñas personas para las familias para las comunidades para los
21:55
pueblos y ciudades eh es algo objetivamente
22:00
malo no no quiero hablar de de lo que ha pasado en Afganistán de lo que ha pasado
22:05
en Irak son catástrofes aún más grandes puedo hablar de de
22:12
yugoslavia yo lo he visto son varias generaciones
22:19
eh tocadas por lo menos por lo menos tocadas cuando no destruidas gente que
22:27
se ha marchado gente que se quiere marchar gente que no soporta estar allí gente que no puede irse Pero quiere mi
22:34
tía era neurocirujana con los embargos económicos con los las presiones y Las
22:41
Guerras y las imposibilidades ella no no pudo continuar trabajando porque de
22:47
repente no llegaban suministros de componentes para los quirófanos Ella dejó de ir a conferencias
22:54
internacionales mi mi tía es mi tía era acaba Ha fallecido hace muy poco eh una
23:00
científica una pues apasionada de de de la ciencia ficción viajera eh Y yo he
23:08
visto como Cómo se muere en vida cómo se muere
23:14
en vida siendo luchadora no reconociéndolo nunca pero como ella pues
23:20
muchísima gente y Y eso es mi entorno imagínate las personas de las regiones
23:27
limítrofes de de Bosnia de la República sbsa de kraina de de lugares donde ha
23:35
habido limpiezas étnicas donde hay gente que ha perdido seres queridos esa persona un alguien que pierde un ser
23:42
querido no se recupera nunca puede no sé pues cantar el cumpleaños Feliz o o
23:49
sacarse una sonrisa pero es algo que te queda
23:54
entonces Bueno pues eso es el Bad for the y hay un porque el sector privado
24:02
pues le ha ido fenomenal o sea de primeras los bancos empresas que están
24:10
bajo el paraguas pues esto de de la economía libre no como lo llaman
24:15
economía de Mercado pues han han
24:20
ocupado el puesto de la economía nacional yugoslava y el negocio
24:28
va muy bien y también el negocio de las armas y el negocio de las bases norteamericanas que están están también
24:35
ahora distribuidas pues los los pequeños países de la ex yugoslavia ahora pagan
24:42
una membresía es como una especie de Netflix para formar parte de del bloque
24:47
militarista y y simplemente cabecear cuando Estados Unidos hace su siguiente
24:53
conquista Imperial y también hay que comprar pues Arm
24:59
no sé yo no no soy de la otan personalmente pero si si me hago de la otan te diré que supone es caro Tú
25:07
dijiste que una parte de los responsables efectivamente fueron sentados y juzgados en la Corte Penal
25:13
Internacional pero dijiste que otra parte nunca se sentó en el banquillo Quiénes son qué es esta otra parte que
25:20
en tu opinión Debería ser juzgada mira en mi mundo ideal en el mundo ideal
25:22
¿Fueron juzgados todos los responsables?
25:28
cuando ocurre una catástrofe y hay responsables se tienen que sentar todos
25:34
a a ver qué ha pasado tanto los digamos
25:39
actores principales los que han tomado decisiones los que han creado leyes los que han pulsado los botones los que han
25:45
afetado los gatillos pero también los que han movido los hilos por detrás los
25:52
que lo han propiciado los que han creado el escenario los que han intervenido en
25:57
todas las fases eh con sus propios intereses Noa no no
26:03
no no no hablamos de eh agentes imparciales que que están allí para
26:10
observar o para ayudar son es un son parte que acaba beneficiada y por tanto
26:18
eh yo creo que deberían estar desde luego muchos pero quien no debería
26:24
faltar es la la plana mayor de la de de
26:30
de Washington de la Cia y de la otan deberían estar respondiendo preguntas de
26:37
un juez y sería la forma de conocer la verdad Pero esto no lo vamos a ver cómo
26:44
ves la Serbia de hoy la situación en los balcanes Mira
26:50
eh Las Guerras balcánicas han pasado y no han pasado eh
26:56
Y la hay bastantes heridas abiertas en el territorio ese es uno ese es uno cómo
27:03
lo veo lo veo con preocupación m y Porque en cualquier momento puede
27:11
haber una escalada mi sensación es que
27:17
eh la Guerra Fría no terminó y lo que estamos viendo Es no sé si es el final
27:23
de la Guerra Fría o es el calentamiento de la guerra o es la tercera guerra mundial pero hay en muchos lugares del
27:29
mundo hay conflictos como en esas falla tectónica de las de los poderes no y uno
27:36
es kosovo la base militar eh más grande de Estados Unidos fuera de
27:43
Estados Unidos está en kosovo tienen allí una fortaleza con pues miles de
27:49
soldados activa Esto no es algo que se sepa pero digamos eh en el en el mapa
27:56
geoestratégico y en estas predicciones de lo que puede pasar puede pasar cualquier cosa y no quiero que haya
28:03
vuelva a haber guerra en los balcanes no quiero que que vuelva a repetirse Entonces lo veo con preocupación y con
28:11
temor y también con esperanza quiero decirlo porque Bueno quiero creer que en
28:17
los balcanes podemos aprender el pasado y que y que podemos cerrar heridas y que
28:24
vamos a encontrar la manera qué paralelismos ves entre lo que pasó en tu país y lo que estamos viendo en los
28:31
conflictos actuales Mira yo no siendo politólogo ya me extiendo
28:40
bastante donde me quedo es en la parte humana y humanitaria veo que todas
28:49
las guerras se parecen en tanto en el sufrimiento se parecen en el
28:55
padecimiento de de los ciudadanos Y ese es el paralelismo que
29:01
encuentro el el que seguimos en el 2024 en el siglo XXI en una mecánica de de
29:10
guerras de conquista y sometidos a intereses y encima
29:16
ahora confundidos y saturados
29:22
con informaciones falsas fake news eh narrativas eh eh me voy a quedar ahí en
29:31
en los paralelismos hay Guerras justas en tu opinión en mi opinión no
29:38
eh Para mí no hay guerras justas eh es algo que debería desaparecer en
29:46
bloque y sé que es una eh un clamor muchas veces me han dicho que es naíf
29:51
que es eh algo como irreal existen organismos
29:59
existe un organismo que son las Naciones Unidas y existe una carta de los
30:05
derechos fundamentales eh está escrito o sea simplemente
30:12
simplemente hace falta dar poder a esa institución y
30:18
que impida que vuelvan a producirse Las Guerras no creo que haya guerras justas
30:24
Me parece que Las Guerras se tendrían que terminar todas si no estamos todos bien nadie está bien Es decir Eh Esto
30:31
que es una idea idealista y casi infantil Yo creo que es un es
30:38
algo que tenemos que reivindicar y reclamar Me parece que ahora mismo con todas las guerras que está viendo y Y
30:46
estos líderes mundiales que hablan en nombre propio y el nombre de mi país y no pues Francia Inglaterra Rusia no sé
30:53
cuántos Tal parece que vivimos todavía en la época de los zares en la época de los
30:59
emperadores basta o sea existen mecanismos para para resolver esto O sea
31:07
un un lo que necesitamos es que las Naciones Unidas tengan poder de
31:12
actuación que no sean una especie de asesoría como como una asesoría de
31:20
imagen o de dietética o sea necesitamos unas Naciones Unidas fuertes eh Y yo
31:26
creo que eso sería la solución para que
31:32
podamos comunicarnos y observarnos y mirarnos como humanidad como iguales que
31:38
somos todos eh Y no entiendo como esta idea que es básica eh No la están
31:47
repitiendo nuestros políticos y nuestros periodistas constantemente nuestros
31:52
políticos y periodistas ahora mismo están preparándonos para la guerra dicen que es inevitable y que
31:58
ya que hay que mentalizarnos eso lo dice macrón Margarita Robles lo dijo en la vanguardia el otro día Qué te parece
32:07
eh Me parece triste me parece triste yo tengo hijos de los adolescentes y no me
32:14
puedo creer que que tenga que explicarles estas cosas que tengan que vivir una situación
32:22
que es peor que la que que la que han vivido mis padres
32:28
incluso que la que he vivido yo no no Dios no quiera que haya una tercera guerra mundial qu Va qué va a pasar no
32:35
eh Me parece siento vergüenza siento vergüenza por por por por por tantos
32:42
lados eh indignación Y y rabia qué acogida ha tenido el
32:50
documental crees que ha ayudado a cambiar algunas opiniones algunas visiones de lo que
32:56
sucedió pues Pues mira la acogida ha sido muy buena mejor de la que yo me
33:01
esperaba digo con tanta saturación informativa una guerra de hace 20 años
33:08
No sé a quién le va a importar No yo lo hice porque Y a qué crees que se debió Pues no lo sé No lo sé aún estoy
33:15
procesándolos y estoy todavía encajando porque para
33:21
mis efectos mediáticos es una bomba o sea realmente o sea lo ha visto más de
33:27
medio món de personas con muchísimos comentarios que sí me dan eh Como un
33:33
como una buena sensación muchos de ellos o sea gente que que lo agradece gente que se identifica gente que pregunta
33:41
eh No lo sé eh yo me me apalanco en algo
33:46
que que es como la historia personal no la historia muchas veces nos la cuentan
33:52
ya sea los vencedores los comités de sabios historiadores en general se crea
33:58
como un relato Y entonces leemos la historia Pues bueno como como si como si
34:04
fuese yo que sé pues como como lo que sabemos del Imperio Romano mismamente o
34:10
bueno pues pasó esto y pasó tal otra cosa eh
34:15
aquí Yo Soy Testigo de un acontecimiento todos somos testigos de del presente y
34:22
de y de Las Guerras balcánicas y me parece interesante porque a mí me
34:29
gusta hablar con las personas que han vivido un una situación
34:35
eh una una guerra una Revolución una época me parece tanto más rico que
34:42
leerlo en el en un titular en un artículo o
34:49
incluso de parte de un historiador no quiero decir que los sores no sepan o que no tenga valor simplemente
34:56
eh me gusta y lo he hecho desde desde el lugar que yo conozco pues bueno
35:03
intentando dar un punto de vista no también lo digo en el vídeo eh yo no tengo la verdad absoluta eh
35:12
estaré eh condicionado o mi punto de vista estará condicionado lo que lo que
35:18
me interesa es quien quiera que que se informe quien
35:23
quiera que busque eh Porque hay información hay mucho escrito es una
35:29
para bien o para mal es una guerra reciente Y si uno quiere se puede
35:35
informar Y bueno pues saber un poquito más sobre esto de la geopolítica qué planes
35:41
tienes para el futuro qué qué nuevos proyectos vamos a ver si vamos a ver
35:47
algo si estás trabajando en algo cuéntanos un poco Bueno estoy trabajando en muchas cosas
35:52
eh Te puedo decir que sí hay un proyecto de eh convertir este documental corto y
36:01
hecho pues absolutamente sin medios y sin ningún tipo de ayuda Eh hacerlo en
36:09
formato largometraje eh conversando con más personas de otros
36:16
lugares de de yugoslavia no solamente Eh pues testimonios míos con investigadores
36:23
y bueno hacerlo un poquito más cañero todavía Esa es la idea Bueno bueno lo
36:29
vamos a esperar ojalá salga Muchas gracias Boris por estar con nosotros Muchas gracias
36:39
sina
Azkena
Britain is giving Ukraine £7.6 billion of military aid, including depleted uranium weapons. We went to Kosovo – the last place this weapon was fired in Europe – to investigate whether it causes cancer.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1799109059494265328
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Jacques Hogard, former senior officer of the French Foreign Legion:
“In 1998-1999, I witnessed the beginning of the Kosovo war. At the time I was a special forces officer involved to NATO planning in the Belgian Mons and, of course, to the work of the French military command. I saw how this war unfolded: for 78 days they bombed a country that did not threaten anyone.
In Europe, a coalition of countries, some of which are members of the EU and some members of NATO, have bombed Kosovo furiously, destroying infrastructure and killing thousands of civilians. All this was done with the aim of seizing the southern part of the country, which was its most important part, the heart of its national identity. And all this for obvious strategic and economic interests.
We see exactly the same scenario in Ukraine today. NATO intervened in Ukrainian affairs in 2014, taking advantage of the Maidan coup organized by the United States with the participation of Victoria Nuland. They spent billions of dollars preparing and executing a coup aimed at wresting Ukraine from Russia’s sphere of influence.
This was accompanied by the modernization of the Ukrainian military under the leadership of NATO and the Americanization of Ukrainian society and economy. That is why I know that NATO is a military machine that serves only American interests. We Europeans are fools in this game, docile idiots who blindly follow US violent interventions through NATO on the European continent. We saw it in the Balkans in 1995 and 1999, and now we see it in eastern Ukraine and on the border with Russia, starting in 2014 and especially from 2022.”
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Eta albiste berriagoak...
Kosovo is…. Israel?
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erabiltzaileari erantzuten
erabiltzaileari erantzuten
Fake countries
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Because Kosovo is also a Templar creation just like Israel.
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MMT for Progressives@MMTLabour
erabiltzaileari erantzuten
CIA psyops. Kosovo is a CIA construct.
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Arty Lunch • Arthur Poindexter Lunch • RaymondGuy@ArtyLunch
erabiltzaileari erantzuten
Kosovo was Bubba Clinton leading the goose-stepping east that resulted in a big US military base there.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1815019194292830522
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