Palestina: erresilientzia (23)

Von der Leyen is responsible for aiding and abetting genocide. She must be prosecuted for it.

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BREAKINGUN finds Israel killed its own people on Oct 7.

Atleast 14 is the minimum but even the Israelis admit its in the hundreds

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A prisoner was murdered because he asked Israeli jailers not to insult his parents, and another because he asked if there was a ceasefire in Gaza.

After being released from Israel’s detention, Speaker of the Legislative Council. Aziz Dweik, speaks about the horrors that Palestinian prisoners are enduring in Israeli jails.

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801743540436771252

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For months the BBC, Guardian, NYT and others have kicked up a furore – based so far on zero evidence – that Hamas ordered rape as a weapon of war.

So why are these same outlets apparently so unperturbed by a UN report that, by contrast, does find evidence that Israel has used sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) as “an operating procedure” against Palestinians?

The report states that Israeli forces “systematically targeted and subjected Palestinians to SGBV online and in person since October 7, including through forced public nudity, forced public stripping, sexualized torture and abuse, and sexual humiliation and harassment…

“Based on testimonies and verified video footage and photographs, the Commission finds that sexual violence has been perpetrated throughout the OPT during evacuation processes, prior to or during arrest, at civilian homes and at a shelter for women and girls. Sexual acts were carried out by force, including under threats, intimidation and other forms of duress, in inherently coercive circumstances due to the armed conflict and the presence of armed Israeli soldiers…

“SGBV constitutes a major element in the ill-treatment of Palestinians, intended to humiliate the community at large. This violence is intrinsically linked to the wider context of inequality and prolonged occupation, which have provided the conditions and the rationale for gender-based crimes, to further accentuate the subordination of the occupied people.”

It’s hard not to conclude that the establishment media’s supposed concern about the sexualised nature of war crimes isn’t genuine. It’s simply a way to help Israel create a narrative to justify a genocide in Gaza.

More here: https://ohchr.org/en/press-relea

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?￰゚ヌᄎ ?￰゚ヌᄆ There’s not a SINGLE western nation that isn’t infected by this global virus.

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801826849955451375

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this is amazing. Briahna Joy Gray has revealed that The Hill has banned Norman Finkelstein from appearing on their outlet because they say he is a “Holocaust denier”. His parents are literally Holocaust survivors. Briahna also details the sabotaging of the show by Zionists

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801568432149692794

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“Silence, something about silence makes me sick… cuz silence can be violence sorta like a slit wrist”

Aipamena

Nina ?￰゚ヌᄋ?@papel_em_branco

eka. 14

Mustafa Hijazi’s mother mourns the death of her beloved son, who died this morning from malnutrition and dehydration that worsened after Israel’s total blockade of the Gaza Strip

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801644592103661716

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Viktor Orban: NATO wants to help Ukraine by creating the so-called NATO-Ukraine mission. Which means that NATO will coordinate the transfer of weapons to Ukraine. They are going to create three large bases from where they will transfer weapons to Ukraine. This is on the territory of NATO countries: Poland, Slovakia, Romania. We are not ready for this because we believe that where weapons are transferred, that place becomes a military target from the enemy’s point of view. And anything can happen there. So what the Ukrainian mission means is, first, that it is setting up these weapons transfer coordination points, second, that NATO member countries are throwing money together to support Ukraine’s war effort, and third, that they are training Ukrainian soldiers. There is debate about whether this will take place on their own territory or on the territory of Ukraine. But the point is that they are directly involved in training Ukrainian soldiers going to the front line. Hungary does not want to be involved in this and this problem needs to be resolved. It is obvious that we are under enormous pressure. 31 Member States are pushing us to move from the side of peace to the side of war.

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801705645877457229

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Assal Rad@AssalRad

9 h

UNICEF spokesman @1james_elder described his day-long attempt yesterday to deliver crucial aid to Gaza, only to be denied. Israel [COGAT] then called him a liar. Who seems more believable, the man who spent the last 20 years helping children or the state that keeps killing them?

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801872636240425149

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Sulaiman Ahmed@ShaykhSulaiman

How much more evidence does the world need to take action against a state that is committing a genocide live?

@1james_elder

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801660622142324833

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Dmitry Medvedev@MedvedevRussiaE

The President has spoken at the Foreign Ministry Collegium meeting. Here are some points that, to my mind, deserve special attention considering what the head of the state has said, or carefully hinted at in his speech:

First. Russia had many times offered Washington, Europe and NATO to nip the Ukrainian crisis in the bud thus preventing a large-scale tragedy. The response was nothing but cynical manipulation and outright deception. The first time it occurred – concerning the subject – was in 2014. It was then that the promise to stop the outrages and provocations by neonazi forces in Kiev – the promise given personally by the US President – resulted in a coup d’état. Its outcome was the referendum on the return of Crimea to Russia Federation. The second time was when it materialized as the Minsk agreements that eventually turned into a disgusting counterfeit cooked up just to arm the Kiev authorities – which its Western signatories have acknowledged. It happened for the third time after the special military operation had begun – as a forced rejection by the Kiev regime of a neutrality treaty that it had initialed in Istanbul.

It came as the result of the boorish pressure inflicted by certain American officials and the British freak Johnson, as well as the bestial cowardice of the ruling Ukrainian clique afraid of a new Maidan. (By the way, the foreign executive, mentioned by Vladimir Putin, – the one who visited Moscow in March 2022 was none other than the Israeli PM Naftali Bennett; it was he who went to Kiev after visiting Moscow and proposed a compromise peace based on determination of fate of the then disputed territories. He was simply shaken off as a Kremlin agent. The complete idiots thus rejected the possible peace offered to them on the most favourable terms.)

Second. Now the world situation is totally different. In accordance with the Constitution, the new territories have become part of Russia. And this is forever. Are new negotiations possible? Yes, they are. This is what the head of our state has said today, formulating the new idea of ending the conflict – but only with regard to the reality existing on the ground based on the Istanbul peace deal and the current version of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Third. It is clear that the events are developing according to a catastrophic scenario for the bandera regime. In the future, it will get only worse: our President has directly stated that, outlining the base for possible negotiations. The room for the compromise is diminishing like shagreen leather, together with the shrinking territory of the dying country. And the day is not far off when only a thin stripe of that can remain. Russia must protect itself for the long years to come. This is where the idea of a “sanitary zone”, proposed by Vladimir Putin, comes from. This zone can extend over as much as f. Ukraine right till the borders of Poland, because this is where the continuous threat is coming from. And then what? The President has not put it directly, but obviously, these territories can become part of Russia – if the people living there wish so.

Fourth. The “summit of the doomed” that starts tomorrow will end in total failure. Because senseless “negotiations” with Russia absent, according to the stillborn formula by the Kiev clown are nothing but recruiting new extras for an idiotic piece of play to legalize the Kiev buffoon as the full-scale head of state. But all, even our pathetic opponents, understand that he is nothing but a miserable usurper shaking with fear and drug abstinence. The systemic interpretation of the Ukrainian constitution given by Vladimir Putin leads to a very simple conclusion: it is impossible to extend the powers of the president, they go to the head of parliament.

And the fifth. By now zelensky is a nobody. He has no real authority, and his orders are not supposed to be followed by anyone. And the officials he appointed after his powers had expired have no right to make any decisions whatsoever. These persons are illegitimate, and their decisions are illegal. Therefore, any Ukrainian soldier commits a felony by following the illegal orders issued by officials appointed by illegitimate authorities. And that is how an usurper, who seized power in the country, took the entire population of Ukraine hostage. And he keeps sending soldiers forth to die day in, day out, while having no right to do so. He will either face trial or be torn apart by a mob, and the f. Ukraine will have to surrender.

P.S. The narcoclown has already rejected Putin’s plan. Don’t be offended – to them.

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Palestina Hoy@HoyPalestina

La Oficina de Información del Gobierno publica datos sobre la situación de los niños de Gaza bajo el genocidio :

15.694 niños fueron asesinados, alrededor de 34.000 niños resultaron heridos y 3.600 niños se encuentran desaparecidos bajo los escombros.

Alrededor de 1.500 niños perdieron extremidades u ojos o sufrieron una discapacidad permanente debido a una lesión, y al menos 200 niños fueron secuestrados por la ocupación.

17.000 niños quedaron huérfanos, el 3% de ellos perdieron a ambos padres y más de 700.000 niños fueron desplazados por la fuerza de sus lugares de residencia.

Cerca de 650.000 niños perdieron sus hogares después de que fueran destruidos por la ocupación.

625.000 niños que fueron obligados por la ocupación a abandonar la escuela y perder el año académico.

El 98% de los niños de Gaza no encuentran agua potable y dependen de menos de 3 litros de agua al día.

3.500 niños con enfermedades crónicas corren riesgo de muerte por desnutrición y falta de atención médica necesaria.

60.000 fetos en el vientre de sus madres, expuestos a abortos, muertes o defectos de nacimiento por efectos de bombas y explosivos.

Unos 40.000 niños no recibieron periódicamente las inmunizaciones y vacunaciones necesarias.

▫️82.000 niños presentaron síntomas de desnutrición, el 35% de los cuales sufrieron síntomas graves.

33 niños perdieron la vida debido al hambre y la desnutrición.

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Palestine Highlights@PalHighlight

The fire continues to burn in Yir’on in northern occupied Palestine as a result of Hezbollah rocket attacks earlier today.

Follow Press TV on Telegram: http://t.me/presstv

Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1801774169379512354

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“A people that elect corrupt politicians, imposters, thieves, and traitors are not victims, but accomplices”

George Orwell

G. Orwell-i buruz, ikus George Orwell – A Warning to Mankind Documentary,

bideoa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yy-yWNvcSfA&t=179s

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Every politician in this G7 contrived photocall is a genocide enabler. We don’t forgive. We don’t forget.

Irudia

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Iran Observer@IranObserver0

⚡️BREAKING Iran warns Israel of Hell with no Return if Lebanon is invaded Also according to the US, more than 100,000 fighters are ready to enter Lebanon in the event of an invasion

Irudia

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@tobararbulu # mmt@tobararbulu

6 h

Israel Unmasked: A Serial Killer Society High On Hate, w/ Abby Martin & … https://youtu.be/JDT4IwxfCaU?si=x9no5su0CGgX96dn

Honen bidez:

@YouTube

Israel Unmasked: A Serial Killer Society High On Hate, w/ Abby Martin & Rania Khalek

Bideoa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDT4IwxfCaU

To discuss Israel’s holocaust in Gaza, Rania Khalek was joined by journalist Abby Martin, creator and host of ‪@EmpireFiles

Transkripzioa:

0:00

if you’re an Israeli Citizen and you’re living in Israel 20 miles away from a concentration camp if I was living 10

0:06

miles away from ashz like I I wouldn’t be able to be there right so you have to

0:11

grow up from Cradle to grave hating Muslims hating Palestinians with such a

0:18

deep seated hatred that this is Justified that it’s Justified to throw

0:24

them in a cage and deprive them of Clean Water you have to think they’re barbarians and you have to think that

0:30

they’re animals and the leftists in Israel I mean if you want to call yourself a leftist I think that a lot of

0:36

people who are in the labor party and a lot of people who call themselves leftists still are fascists right the

0:42

most left-wing Israeli is a right-wing American and that’s not saying much considering the political Spectrum in

0:48

this country but a lot of left-wing Israelis a lot of anti-zionist Israelis who are actual leftists who disagree

0:55

with these horrible policies have fled because a lot of them can why would you want to live in a fascist Society I

1:01

wouldn’t want to live in Berlin in 1930 I just wouldn’t right I would get the

1:07

[ __ ] out of there hello everyone I’m R cik and this

1:12

is dispatches every day we watch Western officials justify Israel’s live streamed

1:18

high-tech Slaughter of Palestinians in their homes at schools in hospitals in

1:25

Refugee tents while Israeli Society becomes increasingly unhinged Ed and

1:31

genocidal after watching 8 months of Israeli genocide against Palestinians in

1:36

Gaza many are left wondering if the West has any Threshold at all or if they’re

1:42

willing to let an Israel high on hate go all the way meanwhile Israel’s

1:47

supporters continue to insist that we condemn Palestinians for fighting for

1:53

their survival against a state that seeks to exterminate them joining me to

1:58

discuss this and more is Abby Martin Creator and host of Empire files but

2:05

before we jump into it this is just part of this episode the full episode is available for breakthrough news members

2:10

only you can become a member at patreon.com breakthrough news and as

2:16

always be sure to hit the Subscribe button and the Bell so you get a notification whenever we post new content and if you appreciate this show

2:23

you can also donate Below on YouTube Abby welcome back to the show

2:30

thank you so much for having me R it’s great to be back well it’s great to have you back on and you know I had you on

2:35

dispatches back in October uh it was really like soon into this and I think

2:41

what’s interesting about that is at the time we had so much to talk about because Israel had already started

2:46

bombing hospitals so I think we spent a quite a bit of time talking about bombing the bombing of hospitals the

2:53

fact that um there was women who were being having C-sections done without any

2:58

anesthesia um there was like babies being starved in incubators and that was just a few weeks in right that wasn’t

3:06

even a month in and now we’re almost I mean by the time this comes out it’ll probably be eight months we’re just about eight months into this genocide

3:13

which is crazy to think it’s gone on this long and now there’s like no hospitals left in Gaza um I mean babies

3:21

have the the number of children who’ve died is like around the 15,000 Mark but you know we don’t even really know how

3:26

many people have died at this point they keep just saying 30 5,000 40,000 but it’s kind of been at that number for a

3:32

while because gaz’s authorities don’t really have the capacity to count the dead anymore um it’s just been an

3:38

endless horror show so I guess I wanted to maybe start off by asking you before we get into some other things you know

3:44

what are your thoughts now eight months into this did you expect it to go on this long are you surprised by what

3:51

we’ve essentially watched was it which is this like live this live stream Slaughter with seemingly no end in

3:57

sight my God it’s so surreal to think that it’s been eight months R and how much had already happened like you just

4:04

outlined uh you know I think it’s been really horrifying

4:10

obviously it’s been the worst thing I’ve ever seen or read about ever I think it’s an unparalleled atrocity in history and not

4:18

just in modern history I mean I I just can’t match anything to this because when you couple that medieval

4:26

barbaric tactics on the ground with the high technology that’s unmatched obviously and the calculated measures to

4:33

actually have high technology specifically designed to kill a group of

4:38

people that are trapped in a prison it’s the only place in the world that you cannot flee even by boat otherwise you

4:45

will be shot out of the water by Israeli warships I mean we’ve we’ve seen that obviously years prior to even what

4:51

happened on October 7th you just simply can’t fish you know freely without being

4:56

killed so um the fact that you know Egypt has closed off its borders and is charging people exorbitant rates to just

5:03

leave flee a genocide I mean you you couple all these things together and it really is incomprehensible that this is

5:10

where we’re at eight months in like you said the death toll has been at 35,000

5:15

for months um I think that we’re looking at a death toll that’s several times

5:21

higher um if you really want to just take take stock at you know how long can

5:26

humans go without water or food I mean it really is something out of uh a James

5:32

Cameron movie it’s like that these quadcopter drones killing people luring people out of tents with the sounds of

5:38

crying children the levels of depravity um I think are unmatched too and the

5:43

sheer documentation on both sides too I think is something that that that’s completely unparalleled I mean just the

5:49

the amount of documentation from Palestinians documenting their own storytelling of of their tragedy as well

5:57

as just Israelis who are their committing the heinous crimes documenting themselves doing it and then

6:02

taunting the viewers saying yeah just try to bring me to the heg I mean it’s it’s taken such an emotional

6:09

beating I think on all of us who are have a conscience in the world you know how many dead kids can you see ripped

6:15

apart how many headless children how many corpses can you see and like really

6:20

just move on with your day and continue to go through the monotony of your daily life when you see these whes and you

6:27

just know that they’re right there if you choose to turn on your device to really see just a window into Gaza um

6:35

and I I don’t want to be numb to that I don’t ever want to be numb to the

6:40

reality that’s happening on the other side of the world especially when I’m complicit as an American citizen when my

6:46

government is sponsoring this R so um you know I H obviously we can’t just

6:51

stay invested and present day in and day out like the Palestinians have to we

6:57

have to take a step back and we have to do things to to continue with our jobs and our lives and and being caretakers

7:04

to our children but man it’s it’s taken a beating and an emotional toll I think on everyone

7:10

because the helplessness that you feel the helplessness that you feel and the lack of agency that you feel to be able

7:17

to do anything about it and then when you also just take take in the fact that the the world

7:25

has failed so abysmally that the world collectively has let this happen I don’t

7:30

know if there’s any going back I I don’t know how we can continue as an International Community you know I mean

7:36

I know the notion of a rules based order has always been a joke but I just don’t know where we go from here especially if

7:41

there’s no accountability for Israel in the US I mean I know that Israel uh I me know in the wake of the war on terror

7:47

obviously the US has enjoyed total impunity for all of its crimes and I think that this is a net benefit for

7:53

them to just be able to up the Annie to such an extreme degree that anything

7:58

goes now but what world does that leave us with and that’s a very scary

8:04

devastating notion as we continue to see the ongoing ethnic cleansing before our eyes I mean it’s not over yet R and we

8:11

know that they’re not going to stop until they complete the project yeah I I

8:16

agree wholeheartedly with everything you said and I think a lot of people can relate because we’re all just feeling

8:22

completely drained and of course we’re just watching it so it’s like I can’t even imagine how people who’ve been

8:28

living through this for eight month months are getting by I’m sure it’s like at this point you can see the exhaustion

8:34

in their faces like I remember watching videos from October November December and obviously like it’s it’s a horror

8:40

show right you see dismembered bodies people carrying their kids body parts in bags and just crying and devastated and

8:48

horror after horror and now it’s been eight months of that on top of the constant horror the constant Slaughter

8:55

that is also now happening to people who haven’t been eating properly who are constantly on the search for clean water

9:00

to drink who’ve already lost like dozens of members of their family it’s gotten to a point where you start to think to

9:08

yourself and it’s a horrible thought but like you feel you feel relieved for the people who were killed in October

9:14

November December because they didn’t have to endure eight months of this before being killed like that’s how bad

9:20

it is in Gaza where that’s at least where my mind goes because I’m just thinking like I think of Riff out all year and I’m just like God like you know

9:28

he’s gone and it was horri but at least he didn’t have to go through all of this but no one should have to go through all

9:34

of this like it’s anyways I think a lot of our minds have gone into kind of dark places like that but in the midst of all

9:40

this there’s also been um a lot of content that’s gone viral and some of

9:46

that Viral content has been on a show that both you and I have been on you’ve actually been on it twice now since October 7th and that is Pier Piers

9:53

Morgan show Piers uncensored I think it’s called um and you know you went on

9:59

it first a few months back and you were debating essentially peers in this girl Emily shider who I also had to deal with

10:06

as well who’s this like American woman who made Aliah to Israel after college

10:11

and is now like constantly auditioning to be an Israeli spokesperson um but more recently and

10:16

you you killed that interview and I’m sure she doesn’t work for Israel she doesn’t work for Israel she’s just an

10:22

unpaid volunteer working with the idea who wears a little who wears a little Israel America flag pin on her lapel

10:30

uh anyways so um but you know more recently you did this interview with this very interesting Horrible character

10:37

and before I play the clip I went to play from this interview can you tell our audience who this guy is what’s his

10:44

deal um and yeah just like set it up set it up for us before we’re we see what we’re about to watch yeah so this guy um

10:52

this guy’s named massab Yousef he is the son of the co-founder of Hamas he has

10:57

basically just made a very Luc of career um throwing Palestinians under the bus

11:02

it’s funny because when you look at his Wikipedia it says he’s Palestinian origin but he will denounce his Heritage and nationality and say no not only is

11:10

he not Palestinian but he’s not but Palestine doesn’t exist in general so this guy’s story is that he was born

11:15

into Hamas obviously you know born in in the West Bank actually and then joined

11:21

Hamas while simultaneously working for Israeli intelligence so um Shin Bet for

11:27

for years and years and years which is in there the Israeli Security Agency where he was uh a double agent um so he

11:35

claims that he was feeding Israel intelligence to save lives right he claims that he was preventing suicide

11:41

bombings but what he was really doing was hunting down mercilessly um militants and resistance

11:48

Fighters that were trying to uh fight their oppression I don’t believe anyone who is a double agent or an Israeli spy

11:54

so I don’t I don’t believe this guy um massab when he says that he was saving lives that’s what every single

12:00

intelligence Officer says that’s what every CIA agent says oh no no no what we do is just it’s all to save lives it’s

12:07

all for the matter of National Security but I think that what this is really about for this guy is about tamping down

12:13

on all factions of Palestinian life and preventing um the agency of all Palestinians from being able to resist

12:20

their oppression whatsoever and what’s amazing about this guy R is that he’s trotted out there by the pro-israel side

12:27

because he is their token Arab um yeah there’s token Arabs in the knesset and that’s what Israelis love to point to to

12:33

be like no we’re not an ethnos State look we have Israeli Arabs too that that do this and that but this guy is really

12:38

their bread and butter because this guy’s out there saying the most inflammatory rhetoric about Palestine

12:44

and revising history giving this complete ahistorical framework about 1967 war the Noca and the current

12:51

military occupation and Siege of Gaza he basically just pretends that none of them exist that the nakba was just the

12:57

Palestinians wanting to kill Jews and they all just voluntarily left 1967 war was just Palestinians wanting to kill

13:04

Jews and look uh in war there’s conquest and you take land and that land is yours even though annexing land is illegal um

13:11

and then he just says today there’s no occupation or Siege of Gaza and there’s no Palestine at all so it’s like how do

13:16

you how do you really like get on a Level Playing Field with that guy but what’s even more amazing ra is that this

13:24

guy um says all Muslims are essentially violent and need to be responded to with

13:29

force and so the fact that is really official bring this guy out there

13:35

because they love that this guy says what he says about Muslims so they don’t

13:41

have to right right so they love this guy because he’s their token Arab and he’s like look like no no no don’t take it from me take it from what this guy

13:47

says but when this guy’s saying 1.6 million I’m sorry when this guy’s saying 1.6 billion Muslim lives are worth less

13:56

than a single cow um that’s what is really think they just love that this guy says it instead of them yeah yeah

14:03

yeah he’s completely insane like I I don’t like anybody who hasn’t seen this um it’s like it’s like you can’t even

14:10

Che you got to see this guy he’s insane his eyes are crazy what he says to is crazy but you’re absolutely right like

14:15

they Trot him out because he does say what they can’t say he’s so freaking unhinged so I’m gonna play this clip

14:21

from your from your episode your debate with him where you just completely like slaughtered him and then we can uh

14:27

discuss okay you know m mosab is the Palestinian who hates Palestinians he’s he’s developed a lucrative career being

14:34

able to lie about basic facts about this conflict he is actually credited to jailing the Palestinian Mandela Marwan

14:42

barg goodi this is a guy who he put in prison 20 years ago who was marching side by side with Israeli Peace

14:47

activists denouncing Hamas killing civilians Marmon bargi is the most popular unifying figure in Palestinian

14:53

Society he would resoundingly win in an election against Hamas so again I mean when we’re looking at someone who’s

14:59

worked for Israeli intelligence who spouts the same rhetoric as Israelis who say Hamas but what they really mean is

15:06

all Palestinians I mean it’s really hard to debate someone on the fundamental reality and the principles of you know

15:13

the facts of this conflict well you know this is hold on I want everybody I want everybody to like remember how calm and

15:19

collected and smart Abby sounds and like just prepare I can’t prepare you for

15:24

what you’re about to hear I just needed to make a note of that because this is quite the Jos wants me to apologize for

15:30

saving human life here he goes here he goes ready all

15:35

right Q crazy man so Abby today want me for some reason to apologize for saving

15:43

human life because my Truth uh challenges her convenient

15:49

truth um Abby does not have the authority she’s just a self-appointed

15:55

lowgrade journalist how can you be a journalist and you call this a genocide

16:00

ethnic cleansing and she just keep repeating ethnic cleansing genocide colonialism Etc none of it is real

16:08

including Palestine it’s only in your head none of it is exist you guys

16:14

Palestine is in your head it’s in your head you it doesn’t actually exist according to this guy it’s it just gets

16:21

crazier sorry I that it’s in your head stal Palestine was never born how can

16:28

you free it was never there it’s just a colonial entity and some people choose to make it

16:35

into a national identity and this parrot has been just repeating Hamas propaganda

16:41

Maran beruti that she’s talking about him she never met him I knew Marana he’s in jail you put him there he’s a

16:47

criminal he killed five people he has blood on his hands he cheated on his

16:53

wife he has a secret that he never revealed it to the public of course I can’t criticize and I can’t criticize

17:00

all the criminals that I know personally she’s been there only for a visit and

17:05

maybe she had some falafil sandwich you know and she really was blown away of the Palestinian experience there is no

17:12

such a thing as Palestine it’s about time to retire find a different job you’re not a journalist you don’t

17:18

qualify even to be a mother I mean wow this guy straight up

17:24

was like you don’t even get to be a mother or you don’t even call like like he I was just like I was blow and like

17:31

the rest of his chatter is like that it’s completely insane but please go ahead Abby after like like first of all

17:39

tell me what it was like probably because I I imagine the like preparing for that after you’d already been on before where you were being basically

17:45

like interrogated by Piers you probably expected to have to go up against both of them but Piers kind of took a step

17:51

back and actually after that he went wow because he was like he was like I can’t

17:57

great disc do have a response it’s like wow what are you gonna say to that it’s like

18:03

well yeah yeah um I mean okay so first of all this the first time I went on P

18:08

Piers Morgan just like you R everything was kind of sidelined from that do you

18:14

condemn Hamas question that that we were brow beaten with for several minutes I mean for me it was literally 10 minutes

18:22

of a 35 minute segment and I just couldn’t believe it I was like oh my God like is this really happening are you

18:27

still going to continue to try to ask me this so the second time I was asked to come on I I knew it was going to be like

18:35

toe-to-toe with this guy and I just thought like oh my God this is a complete setup like I refuse to condemn

18:40

Hamas and so now they’re going to ask me to come on to go toe-to-toe with the the son of the co-founder of Hamas so that I

18:46

can refuse to condemn Hamas to this guy and then be told like oh like you think you’re legitimate like how could you do

18:52

that to this guy this guy has all like the authority on Hamas so I was just like oh my God this is so weird but I’m

18:58

GNA I’m going to Stand My Ground and then I kind of looked at like more into who this guy was and I realized that he was a complete out andout lunatic I mean

19:06

what’s crazy about him R is that he is paraded around by people like Jordan

19:13

Peterson Dave Rubin you know all of the the the figures on in the right wing that are pro-israel they love to trot

19:19

this guy out because it legitimizes them and and legitimizes their islamophobia really because it’s just like this guy

19:26

will denounce and throw all Muslims on the bus and he’s the Tok Arab that they can use to do that it’s like the Candace Owens going and speaking to anti-black

19:32

lives matter people it’s very simple when you look at it that way but what’s amazing about massab too is that he’s

19:38

also legitimized by people like Jake Tapper right I mean he’s on

19:43

CNN talking about his his plight and his story and you know coming from Hamas and

19:49

how he knows Hamas and and how he can really like talk about what how Hamas needs to be eradicated because he comes

19:54

from he comes from Hamas and and there’s jig Tapper just nodding along I mean it’s so so so crazy and then he’s on Dr

20:01

Phil Right facing down these Palestinian women I mean so he’s really all over the

20:06

place he isn’t just some Fringe figure that’s brought on Piers Morgan because Pi Piers Morgan loves these kind of like

20:12

Mory Povich style like showdowns no he is out there as the token Palestinian to

20:18

throw Hamas out of the bus so you know but then I saw him debate Mark Lamont Hill and he was kind of like not as as

20:25

insane sounding as he usually is and I was like okay this is going to be really interesting but then you know you see his videos he

20:31

puts himself out there basically just denouncing all Muslims saying you know we should use Force against them we should use violence against them they’re

20:37

all extremists essentially they’re all terrorists so it’s just like this guy’s completely nuts and so I just decided to

20:44

take that opportunity to completely discredit him and strip him down to what he really is which is an Israeli spy who

20:50

cannot be taken seriously because he’s completely not credible as a person he would be much more interesting if he was

20:57

you know admitted like if he talked about how maybe Israel was doing

21:02

horrible things to Palestinians or did employ barbaric policies or at least

21:07

illegal policies like in the occupation of the West Bank but he just denies the existence of these things so it’s like

21:13

I’m sorry I can’t have a debate with you dude and then the Marwan mudi thing was so funny too because it’s like he’s

21:18

basically just putting out a diss track about this guy and the reason I wanted to bring up this gu because I wanted to show it’s not about Hamas dude right

21:25

it’s about fata it doesn’t matter who we’re talking about it’s about all

21:31

factions of Palestinian society and look Maran barudi 20 years ago he was arrested he was actually you know during

21:38

the oso Accords he was out there Marching for peace he was denouncing hamas’s suicide attacks suicide bombings

21:45

but he also embraced resistance and armed resistance against the occupying

21:51

forces and he encouraged uh fata to actually do that and and followers of fata to do that so that’s why you know

21:58

he’s he’s wrapped up into this whole thing and put in prison too because he was actually trying to voice what is

22:04

internationally recognized as Palestinians right for resistance right armed resistance against their

22:09

colonizers so it’s just incredible I mean looking back at this interview and just thinking wow and what’s even more

22:15

amazing ra is that when this came out all of the pro-israel side were cutting that clip and being like look at how

22:22

much he just trounced Abby look he just completely schooled her and they just kept showing it as if it was some

22:27

Victory and it’s like this guy is a lunatic dude like there’s plenty of X IDF soldiers that are highly intelligent

22:34

highly compassionate very caring people who are genuine who you can go out there and and have a conversation with that

22:40

that’s Nuance but this guy is the only like Palestinian that they could find to

22:46

throw the entire people on the bus and it really says a lot about Israeli Society I think that this is their guy

22:53

yeah I think that’s definitely right because also when it comes to this you

22:58

make a you make a really good point about how it’s about all Palestinian factions not just Hamas and it’s when it comes to the Israelis it’s about the

23:05

only Palestinians they can deal with are those that are willing to completely submit so and and even that’s not always

23:11

Enough by the way I mean look how they like want to defund the Palestinian Authority which is like basically like

23:16

created by the Americans to collaborate with the Israelis to like police

23:22

Palestinians to make sure there’s no resistance to Israeli colonization and even the Palestinian Authority like is

23:29

not submissive enough for Israeli Society now so like all they can go with

23:34

is people like this guy and it is crazy that he has such a mainstream platform I didn’t realize he’d been on Jake tap I

23:40

mean screw Jake Tapper he sucks but I I mean he is Miss CNN a lot of people watch CNN so like he’s getting

23:46

introduced to people on a massive platform by what’s considered serious um when he literally is such a misogynist

23:52

he he said that you’re not fit to be a mother because he doesn’t like your opinion like that that’s bad [ __ ] crazy

23:59

sorry I don’t usually curse on my own show but like that’s just so insane and he also threatens me later he’s like

24:05

he’s like you will be held accountable so there was like a it’s like it’s like when when Israeli spies acknowledging

24:10

the fact that you have kids when I don’t really go out there and talk about my kids a lot I really don’t and this guy

24:16

was basically being like I know you have children on one hand which is also really scary and then later he’s just

24:22

like you will be held accountable like he was threatening me on TV and what’s crazy about this also is like

24:29

Pierce Morgan the problem with Piers Morgan well there’s many problems with Piers Morgan but but I think a big problem is that he wants to appear is

24:36

like the same rational Voice who has these two extremists from both sides and he’s just trying to find the middle ground you can’t both sides genocide and

24:44

also you’re putting me a serious journalist next to an unhinged lunatic

24:49

and former Israeli spy and you’re actually saying that these two people are somehow equivalent and I think that

24:56

that’s really actually a fascinating thing to to unpack the okay so I also I

25:02

just want to point out I would play more of this clip but there’s a limit in how much I’m allowed to play for us to react

25:07

to because then it’ll be a copyright violation so I do encourage people to go uh check out all the different clips

25:13

that exist of this uh episode uh on various platforms like Empire files on

25:18

like Instagram and Twitter and stuff and on your your own uh social media but yeah he does actually say at one point

25:24

like you will be held accountable and is a really really threatening way um and he looks crazy like he looks unhinged uh

25:32

completely and P and and that is exactly what p i mean Piers Morgan’s whole thing I mean one of the ways he got like really famous is by having this whole

25:40

debate style like almost Jerry springle Springer level debate style situation where he takes people from completely

25:45

opposite sides and it it does make for good like boxing match rhetorically I suppose and people do watch and that

25:51

gets views um and uh and I will say that it does allow like look no one else is

25:58

inviting people like me and you on that have platforms as big as his and I know he’s not doing it because he agrees with us but I guess that’s the small benefit

26:06

of it but then at the same time yeah it does like end up equating you with these insane people when you’re actually a

26:12

serious person that this guy looks like he honestly looks like a killer like his eyes like look I mean for those who are

26:18

just listening this guy’s eyes he looks crazy he looks like a sociopath and I imagine like I’m not trying to diagnose

26:24

him here I’m just saying somebody who can come from a colonized society and be that much of a traitor has zero empathy

26:31

and zero like he just has zero ability to feel for his own people so something is actually wrong with his brain in my

26:36

opinion he’s not a normal person and he literally like threatened you on camera yeah how many bodies are in the basement

26:42

dude I mean where are the bodies buried yeah exactly and um I I also so I wanna

26:48

I want to go to something else you were talking about and that’s the fact that you were prepared to go on a second time and be asked to condemn Hamas um and you

26:56

did a really good job of holding your own when you went on the first time uh against it was basically piers and Emily

27:02

shider and they both kind of both teamed up on you uh and Piers does this he doesn’t let you finish your sentences

27:07

and like just as soon as you’re getting to your point he’ll interrupt and he’ll demand you condemn Hamas and that was my experience but for me it was like me him

27:16

this random Iranian girl whose name I forgot um but like she I guess made her name during the sort of like women life

27:23

Freedom stuff from what I understand and there’s all this drama about her like like changing her name and like who her

27:30

I don’t I don’t really care about that I just think she has horrible politics and she basically like is just trying to become famous being a Zionist and hating

27:37

her her native country um and so it was her this woman Emily Shader and peers

27:42

and then in the middle of this like panel he brought on the this like is crazy Israeli father of a child who had

27:50

been a hostage but she was released in the first hostage exchange and he had actually said something along the lines

27:56

like he wish he had been killed and he a little bit famous for that I don’t know if you remember that um but anyways he

28:02

like went on and did like a one-on-one with peers in between the panel and like just said the most insane stuff like he

28:09

started saying that like Palestinians are basically raping the female hostages

28:14

every single day and like impregnating them with terrorist babies is what he said he kept using the term terrorist

28:19

babies I skipped over that I couldn’t watch it like you did such a great job but I was like I’m not watching this no

28:26

no I don’t encourage I don’t encourage anyone to watch it but he was just making these insane claims about how

28:31

they’re all impregnated and they’ve been held hostage for so long it’s too late for the for them to have abortions so

28:37

they’re gonna have to bring the terrorist babies to term and then like God if they eventually survive they’re

28:43

going to go back to like Israel and they’re gonna have to give birth to these terrorist babies and spend the rest of their lives looking at the

28:50

terrorist B he kept saying terrorist babies over and over again and he started he started like fake crying and

28:57

then after after all this this guy had by the way he had like a Scottish accent so like my question for him would have

29:03

been like why did you move why you here why yeah like why are you why did you move next to a concentration camp like

29:10

it doesn’t sound like you had to but anyway because like but so then after this like 15 minute interview of Lies

29:17

Pierce turns it to me and he’s like soana what do you have to

29:23

say basically yeah yeah and I’m just like I like couldn’t even engage with anything it was just to many lies and on

29:29

a show like this too like there’s just so many lies like you can’t engage with all of them or or else you’ll you’ll

29:35

just like get confused so you have to just ignore them and like stick to what you’re there to say so anyways I’m sorry

29:41

that’s like a lot of rambling to set up uh I want to show a couple clips from my episode and then I want to ask you a couple questions about the condemnation

29:48

game so here’s for here’s here’s the first one people the many months would you then condemn what her Mass did in

29:55

October the 7th or not I don’t condemn Palestinian armed

30:01

resistance groups just like I wouldn’t condemn slaves shooting at their Plantation Masters apparently a lot of

30:07

you would I I would Rebellion I I wouldn’t the Irish fighting the

30:14

British I I just want to add one more thing that’s really important I find it incredibly hypocritical to hear ra talk

30:20

about settler colonialism when in fact she herself is Lebanese and the only

30:25

entity that’s acting as a colonialist entity in the Middle East is the Islamic Republic of Iran which has essentially

30:31

colonized Lebanon and completely destroyed it that is colonizing Hamas and the got to strip it’s a proxy of the

30:36

Islamic Republic they are the ones calling the shot over what goes on in the Gaza Strip and how Hamas rules over

30:42

the Palestinian people if that’s not colonialism and imperialism then I don’t know it is well I’ll answer that in just

30:48

a moment I just want to point out that I’m not at all surprised by anything Emily said because she herself is a settler so of course she feels entitled

30:55

to pontificate about a region that I actually am indigenous too but to get back to the issue of the

31:01

hostages so I like look at the girl on the right she’s like a wax she’s like a

31:07

wax statue she’s just like she kept like just drinking water like she would just literally like sorry I’m GNA use my

31:14

coffee going to like a club it’s like why are you dressed like that anyway she we’re like all yelling at each other and

31:19

this girl’s just like well they all look like they were villains from The Hunger Games they’re

31:26

all wearing all white Emily is just nuts looking I mean all of them are just completely sociopathic yeah you I mean

31:33

have no empathy whatsoever during my my debate with Emily she’s seriously

31:38

laughing to the point where Piers is like it’s not funny is it when she’s talking about the dead kids the 13,000

31:44

dead kids it’s like well she questioned you she questioned you on the number she was like I don’t believe that number

31:51

yeah like she’s so insane she’s basically like that woman actually kind of looks like a she has Nazi Vibes um oh

31:58

but but all that so I the reason I even wanted to raise some of those clips is I I mean I don’t I do enjoy watching

32:03

because like I will say this when I was on and as for you same thing happened for you you can’t see anybody and you’re

32:10

just like listening so you have no idea what it looks like or how it turned out so I was like really nervous afterwards

32:15

because my whole thing was I don’t want to yell I don’t want to like lose my cool and I felt like I did lose my cool and then when it came out I was like

32:21

pleasantly surprised I was like no I did a pretty good job but like they want to they want to basically push you into a corner so that you do like act like an

32:27

insane person and on top of that I’m like convinced they kind of darkened my skin but

32:34

whatever but great and it just showed you how white the other yeah I was like this actually works in my favor if they

32:40

did Dark was whiter than me right but you know I also just I I want to like I I want to go into one particular aspect

32:47

of this that that we’ve had to both deal with at this point you know I feel like when it comes into the whole like do you

32:52

condemn do you condemn I mean I can’t believe we’re even still having this conversation eight months into it but it’s I feel like it’s really wrong to

32:58

play into this condemnation game that’s why I think it’s important both you and I were able to go on and say no we don’t condemn because so many people have gone

33:04

on even who are ostensively pro Palestine and they’ll go on and they will condemn and so I personally and I

33:11

think you might AG you’ll probably agree with this I refuse to condemn Hamas or any other oppressed group for fighting

33:18

against their colonizers like I mean it’s nobody goes back and condemn slave revolts nobody and slave revolts were

33:25

vicious like go read about Nat Turner Rebellion it was I mean it was they killed entire Plantation families that’s

33:31

just what happened nobody goes back and says the Haitians shouldn’t have brutally revolted against their French

33:37

Masters nobody says that maybe the French say it but like nobody in like American liberal circles would ever say

33:44

that yet when it comes to Hamas we have to condemn any Palestinians who fight

33:49

against people trying to like exterminate them and then we also hear Palestinians constant constantly being

33:56

lectured um and there supporters being lectured about how they need to stop using uh phrases like from The River To

34:02

The Sea because it harms their movement since Israel has like smeared it as an anti-semitic statement so all that’s to

34:08

say Abby why do you think it’s so important not to condemn Hamas or Palestinian armed resistance in general

34:14

and and to make sure we don’t capitulate to these sort of Zionist demands that we soften our

34:21

rhetoric yeah I mean it’s so ludicrous right when you look back at history and and do these historical comparisons like

34:28

you just did I mean it’s it’s outrageous to even think of asking to condemn the

34:34

slaves for for the N Turner Rebellion or or you know the Haitians for their Revolution I mean it’s just it’s just so

34:40

absurd on its face but I think you know leftists and and people who oppose like

34:46

Wars and interventions and occupations have been browbeaten for years to First

34:52

condemn the state or the leader that the West is trying to overthrow or undermine and this is not only is it a rhetorical

35:00

trap um but it also is designed to delegitimize the opposition to these

35:05

things and so whether it was Saddam whether it was Gaddafi whether it was

35:11

Assad were always being asked first do you condemn Saddam first do you condemn

35:17

Gaddafi do you condemn Assad and the point of doing that is so that you can

35:22

seed to the framework and that underlying premise that yes these people are bad they’ve committed heinous acts

35:30

and therefore something needs to be done about them and that’s the problem when you capitulate to that framework then

35:36

you’re allowing that debate to then be taken to well what needs to be done

35:41

something has to be done right so when it was Saddam it was like well do we do sanctions or do we do an invasion and we

35:49

need to take a step back and say no no no the us or Israel has no right to do anything to Iraq to Syria to Iran to

35:56

Lebanon no right to do anything to Palestine right Israel’s been carrying

36:02

out ethnic cleansing and genocidal policies for 75 plus years they have no

36:07

right to do anything about Hamas nor ises the United States so there’s a

36:12

really problematic function of this demand to condemn Hamas for that reason

36:19

alone okay and that that applied on October 7th it applied on October 6th and it applied on October 8th um there’s

36:27

also a where academics and people who kind of just want to put on paper their

36:32

self-righteousness and moral Clarity that they they were on record condemning

36:37

you know condemning both sides and I think that’s just kind of like a pat on the back that they’re they’re morally

36:43

Superior and so they can condemn everyone to just have them like it’s just very like weird and self-

36:50

congratulatory um but for me and I think it’s the same for you R and and it’s difficult when you’re under the

36:55

spotlight and when you’re you know when you’re being asked something looking into a black hole from someone like Piers Morgan saying how are you not

37:02

condemning just wanted barbaric deaths and and a massacre right how are you not

37:08

condemning the killing the indiscriminate and deliberate killing of civilians well I think you and I both

37:13

agree we don’t agree with killing civilians we disagree with with that on

37:20

its premise but you cannot condemn an armed resistance group fighting for their survival you cannot condemn the

37:26

actual elected government of the Gaza Strip the infrastructural body that has

37:32

provided people in Gaza with Aid with food with with their lives with the

37:37

means and the capacity to live under a barbaric siege for years and years and

37:44

you certainly cannot condemn eight months into a genocide the only people that are standing in the way of the

37:50

complete obliteration of the Palestinian people Hamas is what is standing in the

37:56

way of putting Palestinians in Mass Graves and the genocidal Army that’s on

38:01

the ground so no we’re not going to condemn Hamas eight months into a genocide nor would I condemn them on day

38:08

one and you know it’s it’s it’s really unfortunate because now we’re being asked um you know when this when peers

38:16

and other people do this it’s all about conceding ran it’s all about saying yeah

38:21

something needs to be done about them and I think we both agree that Israel has no right to do anything yeah the

38:27

exact exactly exactly and I want to just uh just to add on to what you’re saying because you made this point really well

38:32

the first time you were on do you think Piers is watching this by the way if you are hello how funny it would be if he like

38:38

sat down and like like wait there’s a video about me um but no I mean in all

38:44

seriousness the first time you were on you made you made a really good point of bringing it back to Israel’s created the circumstances for this uh so yeah nobody

38:52

I don’t want anyone to die you don’t want anyone to die I would love for no one to die that would be fantastic which is why we want to get rid of the reason

38:59

people are dying and that is this military occupation in colonial apartheid system and like anybody who

39:06

dies on either side here is on Israel’s hands because they have created the situation just like and I I keep making

39:12

the slave example because I think it actually is very apt just like if like there’s a slave revolt and a bunch of

39:18

Plantation families are killed I blame the plantation system for that I don’t blame the slaves for fighting people who

39:25

are literally like taking away their freedom um so that’s why we’re talk like

39:31

that’s and all of this is a distraction from that primary fact like like that primary fact which is that this is the

39:39

source of all of this violence that you claim to hate so much so why AR you talking about the source of the violence

39:45

instead you’re talking about the people fighting it like give me yeah no it’s it’s such a reduction and and it’s such

39:50

a false equivalency because they want to reduce everything to Hamas bad Israel’s taking it too far Israel needs to do

39:57

something to respond to Hamas but what can they do the problem is r and this goes back to Israeli Society is that

40:03

Israel cannot react in in a mode of self-defense without being completely genocidal in their actions because

40:10

they’ve revealed their their final solution we know the end goal of what

40:15

Israeli Society Israeli government is has set forth with with the eradication

40:20

and the surrender the force surrender of Hamas we we understand what that means and so when Piers Morgan and all all

40:27

these other people who are pontificating about what what capacity should Israel respond what right do they have how far

40:34

should they go yeah there maybe taking a little too far but what could they have done about Hamas it’s like no no no no

40:39

they don’t have the right to do anything we need to take it back to the root of the violence Ronnie and that’s that’s why I’m really happy that you did that

40:45

as well because there is no equivalency there is absolutely no equivalency and so to reduce it down to that narrative

40:52

is is dysfunctional and really just opcat the actual real

40:57

that anyone can see who studied this the people who are on record being like I I condemn Hamas for doing this and like

41:04

yes I also condemn the Israeli government for taking their response too far it’s like they want to appear legitimate in the eyes of the ruling

41:11

class so you have like I mean people like Naomi Klein you know out there being like calling Pro Palestine

41:18

protests right on the the aftermath of October 7th like Pro Hamas rallies and

41:24

and it’s just it’s really kind of grotesque because those people really do want to appeal to

41:30

the ruling class and and they’re very desperate for legitimacy in in their in

41:36

those people’s eyes and and I think that’s really kind of offensive to um to

41:41

Liberation struggles in general Abby you made a really good point about what all of this means about

41:47

Israeli society and last time you were on we talked about some of the reporting that you done uh from Jerusalem in the

41:53

past where you just kind of recorded Israeli being insane and genocidal and how normal it was but that was like you

41:59

know almost a decade ago and now here we are in 2024 and we see crazy rhetoric

42:05

from not just regular people in the streets but like the defense minister has no problem being genocidal the Prime

42:11

Minister has no problem being genocidal I mean the South Africans built an entire case around genocidal intent

42:17

based on the statements that are very cavalierly made by one Israeli official

42:23

after another who’s responsible for prosecuting this war and then we see it’s trickle down of the population because we see on you know they’re very

42:30

confident in themselves and totally comfortable posting these videos to Tik

42:36

Tok where they’re like committing war crimes openly happily you know um here

42:42

in Lebanon you know anybody who uses a dating app in Lebanon actually like the GPS like uh disruptors that the Israelis

42:49

use have caused problems with GPS so you see a lot of Israelis on the dating app in like Beirut and it’s like they’re

42:57

weing their their they’re wearing their uniforms and they’re like proudly in some cases you know people post yeah

43:02

they’re like excited to show you they’ve been genociding um and also other people posted Israelis on dating apps like

43:09

basically uh you know photographing themselves in front of lingerie that was they put that on dating apps um they

43:16

show themselves like happily blowing up mosques as punishment schools as punishment saying they’re happy to kill

43:22

babies admitting to killing babies and enjoying it like this is a society so scarily high on hate with no red lines

43:30

so I’m just curious you know what do you have to say about the Israeli society that you’re witnessing very comfortably

43:35

live streaming themselves carrying out a genocide after having been there on the ground and hearing them say the kinds of

43:43

things they wanted to do to Palestinians and Arabs yeah I mean it’s it’s crazy that that was almost a decade ago during

43:49

a period of relative calm obviously it’s never a period of relative com propuls that me they’re getting massacred and

43:55

you know brutal ized and and humiliated and subjugated every single day but for Israelis in Jerusalem I mean it was just

44:02

like a day in the suburbs of you know uh Portland Oregon I mean you’re just going

44:07

to the mall at Sephora um just walking around in complete luxury and uh

44:13

privilege and so yeah it was really shocking to hear just during these Vox pops just randomly the open genocidal

44:21

incitement from Israelis um nearly every single person I talked to was advocating

44:26

to just kill them all kick them all out or just drop a nuke on Gaza um so fast

44:31

forward to today and and to see the mask completely ripped off Israeli Society

44:37

look at the polling I mean back we all we always knew that Israeli Society was becoming very fascist but I think back

44:44

during the oso Accords you know that there was this notion that Israel was a leftist project the the notion of the

44:50

Socialist kutes even Bernie Sanders spent some time living there on a kabut I mean so I think over time that notion

44:57

of an Israeli left has diminished more and more and so for the

45:02

last 20 plus years Israeli leaders have just laughed off that notion of the peace process the two-state solution I

45:09

mean that’s always been a notion that’s been used to Plate American society and never really entertained or taken

45:14

seriously in Israeli Society it’s always been kind of a joke and so you know Israeli officials the little cudnik the

45:21

Netanyahu I mean all of these people just have never I mean I saw I saw a video of Netanyahu from like the 880s

45:28

saying that there will never be a Palestinian state so it’s just like actually so offensive to just constantly

45:34

be told by our politicians and media officials that no no no Israeli Society really does want this and no it’s just

45:41

Netanyahu netan Yahoo is the Trump of Israel when really I mean we know that Trump was essentially one of the most

45:48

American representations this country has ever had he’s not an aberration he’s

45:53

actually perfectly crystallizes the problems that deep rooted problems of Our Sick serial killer Society um and so

46:01

it’s the same thing with Netanyahu Netanyahu is a perfect example of what Israel really is Israel has become fully

46:10

fascist nazi genocidal Society look at the polling over

46:16

90% over 90% of Israelis agree with what’s going on they have for every

46:22

bloodletting in Gaza every time that Israel decides to mow the lawn the majority majority of Israeli societies

46:28

the vast majority of Israeli of Israeli citizens agreed with that R and it the numbers just keep ticking up and up and

46:34

up because look in the wake of 9911 we saw the mass ripped off American society the disgusting patriotic fervor and

46:41

unquestioning nationalism of Americans ripping off you know ripping out their

46:47

reptile brain and just wanting to to incite racism and violence against Arabs

46:54

and and Muslims around the world that is nothing compared to what we’re seeing in Israel I mean their 9/11 which was

47:00

October 7th has just basically given them cart blanch to just become who they

47:06

always were ra it’s a society built on ethnic cleansing it’s a society that you

47:13

need to espouse the most dehumanizing racist views possible in

47:18

order to justify these policies if you’re an Israeli Citizen and you’re living in Israel 20 miles away from a

47:24

concentration camp if I was living 10 miles away from ashz like I I wouldn’t

47:29

be able to be there right so you have to grow up from cradle to grave hating

47:36

Muslims hating Palestinians with such a deep seated hatred that this is

47:43

Justified that it’s Justified to throw them in a cage and deprive them of Clean Water you have to think they’re

47:50

barbarians and you have to think that they’re animals and the leftists in Israel I mean if you want to call your a

47:57

leftist I think that a lot of people who are in the labor party and a lot of people who call themselves leftists still are fascists right the most

48:04

leftwing Israeli is a right-wing American and that’s not saying much considering the political Spectrum in

48:09

this country but a lot of left-wing Israelis a lot of anti-zionist Israelis who are actual leftists who disagree

48:16

with these horrible policies have fled because a lot of them can why would you want to live in a fascist Society I

48:22

wouldn’t want to live in Berlin in 1930 I just wouldn’t right I would get the

48:28

[ __ ] out of there so I think that it speaks volumes just to be an Israeli and

48:33

to be you know living you’re you’re living adjacent to the West Bank and this crazy military occupation then

48:39

living adjacent to Gaza but I think that especially now especially now less than

48:44

two% of Israelis think that Israel’s used Too Much Firepower after they’ve completely obliterated the entirety of

48:50

Gaza 8 months in r i mean what does that say about the society but let’s not take this anecdotally with just polling

48:57

because we know polling can can be skewed where are the protests where are the protests it took

49:05

months for a handful of Israelis to go out in the streets maybe not months maybe a couple weeks for like five to 10

49:13

Israelis to go out in the streets to oppose the genocide and and let’s go back to what you just said when we first started this a couple weeks in and

49:20

already babies were being starved thrown out of incubators hospitals bombed where

49:26

were these Israeli is opposing this so when there’s no opposition in the streets yes and Israeli Society is so

49:32

fascist that they’re yes they’re arresting Israelis it’s scary to be a leftist Israeli and go out there and

49:39

oppose this war it’s not only scary because you think that you could be arrested by your own government because that’s how fascist it is but also your

49:47

fellow Israeli citizens and neighbors right and colleagues will beat the [ __ ]

49:52

out of you I I saw like Al jazer or something film like a like a hand F of Israelis on the streets this was like

49:58

months into the genocide R and they were saying we are scared to be out here we’re scared for our lives because we’re

50:06

we could get beat up we could get assaulted and we could get imprisoned so this is it is so constrictive I mean

50:15

politically and also just like vocally I mean you don’t want to just speak out because you’re so scared

50:21

because of how fascist everyone around you is and so it’s this group thing that is that is um

50:27

it’s it would just be terrifying to live there and I think um you know I don’t think there’s any hope from within I

50:33

think this just speaks to why BDS is necessary I’ve been saying this for 10 years look I think the same applies to

50:39

the America to a certain extent but Israel is so far gone and even the liberal opposition right is out there

50:45

signing bombs signing their names on missiles that are going to bomb children

50:50

and refugee camps even the liberals so you know I mean what do you say about this what do you say about this other

50:57

than there is no hope from within Israeli Society it is fully fascist and genocidal and that’s why you have to

51:03

have this outside pressure to isolate them completely until they are forced to

51:09

make a parthe fall until they are forced to assimilate Palestinians into a one person one vote project um and and I

51:17

don’t I I’m just hoping that this is the beginning to the end for the Zionist project ra but unfortunately it’s had to

51:23

come um after a a a massacre of Untold

51:28

magnitude yeah it’s really if you ever had to you know justify a humanitarian

51:34

intervention this is it uh because it will only come from outside Israel cannot change from within for all the

51:40

reasons you explain and I think what’s incredibly terrifying is obviously like what Palestinians are being subjected to

51:46

right but then you see the enabling from the Americans and so I want to show just

51:51

an example of this enabling here’s a recent clip of um

51:57

an interaction between the Press Corps at the state department and one of the state department spokespeople and this

52:03

was after Nikki Haley just to set this up Nikki Haley visited you know the right of passage before any like any

52:10

major election and I guess she’s trying to serve in the Trump Administration is to go visit the settler the settler

52:15

Colony America Funds and that’s the state of Israel so Nikki Haley visited she went to the border near Gaza she

52:22

went to I think some West Bank settlements and then she went to the north where Israel’s been fighting a war with uh lebanon’s

52:29

hisbah uh and she signed a bomb and she took a photo of herself signing the bomb

52:35

and she wrote on it finish them um so that’s the kind of rhetoric you’re getting from the former US ambassador to

52:42

the UN and you could argue oh but she’s like a trump appointed person uh but here is a Biden

52:49

spokesperson uh responding to his uh thoughts on on Nikki Haley uh doing that

52:55

so here we go sorry the followup to Sid’s question if Nikki Hy’s comments are made by private citizens and

53:02

therefore don’t require any comment from you why did this Administration criticize people who spoke out in favor

53:08

of those in Palestine demanding a ceasefire and were quite vocal what what the difference when did we do that well

53:15

do you want to talk about the number of times that they were described as anti-semitic even anytime there was a

53:20

pro Palestinian protest it seemed to be that the admin you you you were conflating uh six different things and

53:27

uh your question is a little bit not on the level let’s talk about facts here

53:32

protests whether they be on college campuses or elsewhere they inherently uh

53:38

are not anti-semitic uh there have been of course over the course of these

53:43

protests been imagery there have been chants there have been slogans there have been signage that has been uh

53:50

anti-emetic also what we are talking about in those circumstances is uh

53:55

protest who in some instances have broken the law taking over buildings occupying occupying certain areas within

54:03

specific municipalities those are not expressions of free speech that is

54:09

illegal in some places so these are very two different things and I really don’t appreciate you confl well

54:14

one this the fact is you have said that a lot of the things said by the likes of Nikki Helen others are simply rhetoric

54:22

yet when you call for the destruction and and and a of of of people that’s

54:28

against international law why is that not being condemned from the platform from that is not the kind of rhetoric that we certainly uh support from this

54:35

Administration and it’s not ones that we’ve been using but Ambassador Haley is a private citizen she doesn’t speak for

54:40

the United States she doesn’t speak for the United States she doesn’t speak for this

54:46

Administration there you have it she’s a private citizen she’s a private citizen

54:52

Abby therefore her basically advocating genocide yeah her basically advocating genocide is no

54:58

Big E but a bunch of students protesting is you know maybe a little bit anti-semitic and also maybe they broke

55:04

the law I mean maybe Rosa Parks broke the law who cares like it’s a stupid law

55:10

like I mean like if you agree that genocide is being committed which this [ __ ] doesn’t obviously but like if

55:16

you agree that it does like anything’s game right because it’s the most serious crime that a state can commit so like we

55:23

should be escalating our tactics to extreme levels to try to force our

55:28

politicians to do the right thing so yeah occup builds is kind of like

55:33

nothing dude yeah well I just want to play and this is also I’m putting I want to place this in the context I want to

55:40

place this in the context of the fact that like so it cannot stop itself it’s

55:45

so like ready to do what you said final solution and so here’s another example

55:51

of here we go of what we’re of what we’re dealing with when it comes to the Americans who are supposed to be in

56:01

charge as I said we don’t want to see a major ground operation we haven’t seen

56:06

that at this point how many more charred corpses does he have to see

56:14

before the president considers a change in policy we don’t want to see a single more innocent life taken and I kind of

56:20

take a little offense at the question no civilian casualties is the right number of Civilian casualties and this is not

56:27

something that we’ve turned a blind eye to nor has it been something we’ve ignored or neglected to raise with our Israeli counterparts including Ed this

56:34

weekend as a result of this particular strike now they’re investigating it so let’s let them investigate it and see

56:40

what they come up with but the president doesn’t have like a personal limit to this the president has been

56:47

very clear and very direct about what our expectations are for Israeli operations in Rafa specifically but in

56:55

Gaza r large we don’t support we won’t support a major ground operation in Rafa

57:02

uh and we’ve again been very consistent on that and the president said H that should that occur then it might make him

57:09

have to make different decisions in terms of support we haven’t seen that happen at this point why not have him come out and say that himself the

57:16

president has been speaking to leaders throughout the region on regular basis he has been addressing you guys in

57:22

various fora you’ve got plenty of opportunities to talk to the president including I might add in a press

57:27

conference last week I me it’s just so insane this was by the way this was after the tent Massacre that’s when that

57:33

that question happened it was after the first the first tent Massacre Because by the way there was others that happened

57:38

just like with Israel with the hospitals they do it once everyone’s like oh my God this is horrible and then they do it

57:44

12 more times and everyone’s like well I guess this is normal now and the same thing is is happening in Rafa they’re

57:49

just like massacring refugees in tents to the point where it doesn’t matter but this is also happening like combination

57:57

with you know obviously arming Israel to do whatever they want basically there are no limits and then on top of that you have mostly from Republican members

58:04

of Congress and Senators you’ll have statements like Republican Congressman Max Miller was on Fox News a few months

58:10

back and said we should turn Gaza into a parking lot um you had Lindsey Graham more recently essentially say we should

58:17

nuke Gaza just like the Israelis should nuke Gaza just like they should be allowed to just like the Americans nuked

58:22

Hiroshima Nagasaki uh and that he said that over the anniversary of those atomic bombings but all that’s to say

58:29

like what yes this shows Israeli society’s unhinged fascist from top to bottom I don’t believe American society

58:37

is fascist from top to bottom but from Top like what does this say about American society and the American

58:44

government yeah yeah I mean yeah I mean the mask has been fully

58:49

ripped off uh from the bipartisan consensus of just uh White Privilege and

58:55

the complete dehum ation of brown people yet again I mean it’s it just feels like

59:00

912 2001 I mean this was the sentiment this was what it was like and I can’t

59:06

even imagine for people like you ra I mean to to grow up Arab in a in a post

59:11

911 world I mean it was it was absolutely heinous and disgusting the rhetoric if you enjoyed this episode and

59:17

want to hear the rest you can access it by becoming a breakthrough news member at patreon.com breakthrough news

oooooo

Iruzkinak (1)

  • joseba

    George Orwell

    @tobararbulu # mmt@tobararbulu

    George Orwell – A Warning to Mankind Documentary https://youtu.be/yy-yWNvcSfA?si=uhong6jZup0aJgcx
    Honen bidez:
    @YouTube

    youtube.com
    George Orwell – A Warning to Mankind Documentary.

    Bideoa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yy-yWNvcSfA&t=179s

    George Orwell – A Warning to Mankind Documentary

    0:04
    The man known to history as George Orwell was born as Eric Arthur Blair on the 25th
    0:11
    of June 1903 in Motihari in Bengal, India, which was then part of the vast British Empire.
    0:19
    His father Richard Walmsley Blair was born in 1857 and went to India at the age of eighteen
    0:26
    to work in the civil service as an opium agent, overseeing the production of a drug that was
    0:32
    mainly exported to China and proved extremely lucrative for the British Empire.
    0:37
    Eric’s mother Ida Mabel Limouzin was 21 years old when she married her husband.
    0:43
    Born in Surrey to a French father and English mother, she spent her childhood in Moulmein
    0:49
    in Burma, where the Limouzin family was well-established as merchants and traders.
    0:54
    Ida was working as a governess at the time she married her husband and accompanied him as he moved around the country carrying out his administrative duties.
    1:03
    At the age of 39, Richard Walmesley Blair married Ida who was half his age and with
    1:09
    whom he would have two children. Their elder daughter Marjorie was born in 1898, and Eric was born in 1903 soon after
    1:18
    Richard was transferred to a new post at Motihari near the Nepalese border.
    1:24
    Although the Blair family could claim aristocratic connections dating back to the eighteenth century, by the time of Eric’s birth they were still part of the upper-middle class,
    1:33
    but the family’s wealth had largely gone. While Eric, as a child did not enjoy a prosperous upbringing, he nevertheless grew up with an
    1:42
    awareness of privilege in the British social system. In 1904, Eric accompanied his mother and sister to England while his father remained in India.
    1:52
    He was a sickly infant who frequently suffered from bouts of ill health related to his lungs,
    1:58
    and this illness would plague him for the rest of his life. By late 1905, the family was established in a house in Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire.
    2:07
    Although he was prone to spending time on his own, the adult George Orwell would later
    2:12
    reminisce fondly about his childhood and claimed he was his mother’s favourite child.
    2:18
    Relations between the young Eric and his father Richard were less cordial, owing largely to the fact that the two did not see much of each other until Richard’s retirement and
    2:27
    return from India in 1912 at the age of 55. In 1907 Richard returned to England for three months, enough time for his wife to give birth
    2:37
    to their third child, a daughter named Avril, in 1908. Looking back, the England Orwell grew up in was a peaceful and idyllic place where young
    2:48
    children were allowed to play freely in the streets. A sense of joy and optimism was reflected in the person of King Edward VII, the charismatic
    2:57
    and pleasure-seeking monarch whose personality stood in contrast to that of his mother Queen
    3:02
    Victoria. The British Empire was the global superpower and imperial officials such as Richard Blair
    3:08
    helped to funnel the wealth of its colonies around the world to London by controlling the maritime trade.
    3:15
    This time of relative peace was not without tragedy, and Orwell recalled the horror he felt as he listened to the accounts of the sinking of the RMS Titanic on its maiden voyage
    3:25
    to New York on the 15th of April 1912. But a much greater horror would befall Britain and the world two years later with the outbreak
    3:34
    of the First World War in the summer of 1914, which shattered the sense of tranquillity
    3:40
    that the 11-year-old Eric Blair had grown up with. As a child, Eric was a keen reader of fiction and began to develop his literary talent early
    3:50
    on. His mother had high hopes for her son’s education, and in the summer of 1911, Eric
    3:56
    began his studies at St Cyprian’s School near Eastbourne in Sussex. The school was intended to prepare its pupils for a public-school education, and its basic
    4:05
    curriculum included Latin, Greek, English, History, and Mathematics.
    4:11
    During his five years at St Cyprian’s, Eric proved to be a gifted student and was consistently
    4:16
    near the top of his class in all subjects, while also demonstrating a talent for cricket.
    4:22
    Not long after Eric started school, his father Richard retired and returned to England permanently,
    4:28
    and the family moved to the village of Shiplake a couple of miles outside Henley. While in Shiplake, Eric became close friends with the three Buddicom children: Jacintha,
    4:37
    Prosper, and Guinever. Eric and Jacintha shared a love for literature, and already at the age of eleven the young
    4:44
    boy had aspirations to become a famous author, writing plays inspired by Shakespeare and
    4:50
    reading them out aloud to his playmate. When war broke out in August 1914, Eric witnessed crowds of young men gathering at the station
    4:59
    to get hold of the evening papers as they arrived by train. Not long after the outbreak of war, the 11-year-old boy wrote a patriotic poem encouraging young
    5:09
    Englishmen to enlist in the army during their country’s hour of need. The poem was printed in the local paper in early October and also read aloud to the school
    5:18
    assembly at St Cyprian’s, where it was well received. Later in life, Orwell came to despise the time he spent at the school.
    5:27
    In a 15,000-word essay which was not published until 1968, he wrote about his experiences
    5:33
    being beaten by the headmaster, Mr Wilkes, the poor living conditions and bad food, and
    5:39
    the tendency of the school’s establishment to show preference to the children of wealthier families who could pay their fees in full.
    5:47
    Based on the recollections of his schoolmates, many of these criticisms were exaggerated or untrue, and despite what he may have thought about St Cyprian’s in hindsight, the young
    5:57
    Orwell continued to see academic success, winning the school English prize in 1915 and
    6:03
    the Classics prize in 1916. In 1916 Eric won a Classics scholarship to Wellington College, and later that year he
    6:12
    took the examination for Eton and came 13th. Since there were only twelve scholarships available, he would have to wait for a vacancy
    6:20
    in order to take up his place. After spending a term at Wellington at the beginning of 1917, Orwell headed to Eton when
    6:27
    a vacancy opened up for him. Founded by King Henry VI in 1440, Eton College was – and still remains –the most prestigious
    6:36
    English public school and the breeding ground for the country’s political and social elite.
    6:41
    In his brief recollections of more than four years spent at Eton, Orwell gave the impression
    6:46
    that he did not belong there, emphasising the fact that he owed his place to a scholarship
    6:51
    and was therefore socially inferior to most of the student body. In fact, as a King’s Scholar who was exempt from all fees, Eric Blair was part of an intellectual
    7:01
    elite at the school who lived on the premises of the college rather than in the town.
    7:06
    However, while he worked hard at St Cyprian’s, at Eton he allowed himself to relax and his
    7:13
    academic performance suffered as a result. Despite being a Classics scholar, he came bottom in his Latin class and was soon transferred
    7:21
    to the less demanding Classical General studies. At any rate, his poor academic performance meant that the prospect of going to university
    7:29
    at Oxford or Cambridge was increasingly distant. By the time Orwell began his studies at Eton in May 1917, the early enthusiasm for the
    7:39
    Great War had waned as a stalemate developed along the Western front and both sides were
    7:45
    firmly entrenched. Aside from the fact that older teachers had been brought out of retirement to replace
    7:50
    the younger men who joined the army, the schoolchildren at Eton no longer took much notice of the
    7:55
    war, which merely carried on in the background, and even the Russian Revolution of that year seems to have passed by without much interest.
    8:04
    Nevertheless, the war had a profound impact on the Blair family, and in 1917 the 60-year-old
    8:11
    Richard Blair enlisted as a second lieutenant and went to France, while Ida went to London
    8:16
    to work in the Ministry of Pensions. The Blairs had moved back to Henley in 1915, but the house was let out to tenants, and
    8:24
    Eric and his younger sister Avril spent their holidays with the Buddicoms. Eric continued to confide in Jacintha about his literary ambitions and inspirations, and
    8:34
    at this time he was particularly influenced by the work of G.K. Chesterton, H.G. Wells, and D.H. Lawrence.
    8:41
    Even after the war, following Richard Blair’s return from France in 1919, Eric continued
    8:47
    to spend most of his time with the Buddicoms, and his affections for Jacintha, expressed
    8:52
    through poems he wrote her, bordered on the romantic. By 1920, Eric had one more year at Eton and his parents began to discuss his future.
    9:03
    Eric hoped to go to university, an aspiration that was shared by his mother, but Richard Blair was insistent that his son should follow in his footsteps into the Imperial civil service.
    9:14
    In the end, the father prevailed, although in any case the prospects of Eric obtaining
    9:19
    a scholarship at Oxford were minimal given his poor academic performance at Eton.
    9:24
    After a final term at Eton at the end of 1921, he packed his bags and left for the seaside
    9:30
    town of Southwold in Suffolk, where his parents had moved for their retirement.
    9:35
    In June 1922, a couple of days after his nineteenth birthday, Orwell took and passed the entrance
    9:42
    exam for the Indian Imperial Police, a respectable if not glamorous career.
    9:47
    He requested a posting to Burma where his mother had spent much of her childhood and where his maternal grandmother still lived.
    9:55
    After spending the summer with the Buddicoms, he sailed from Liverpool on the 27th of October
    10:00
    and arrived at the Burmese capital of Yangon a month later. On the 28th of November, he boarded the train to the police training college in Mandalay.
    10:10
    By the time of Orwell’s arrival in Burma, the country had only recently been annexed by the British Empire, when in 1885 British and Indian troops occupied the royal palace
    10:22
    in Mandalay and forced King Thibaw to abdicate his throne. The British conquest of Burma was primarily motivated by commercial reasons such as gaining
    10:31
    access to cheap rice, oil, and timber. In contrast to most other colonies, the British eliminated the existing Burmese political
    10:40
    institutions and formally annexed it to India, leaving the country under effective military
    10:45
    rule. By the time Orwell arrived to join the police force, the political disturbances which had
    10:51
    plagued Burma since the British conquest were declining, but the crime rate was increasing.
    10:56
    In 1924 there were 800 murders over the year and the prison population stood at around
    11:02
    16,000. Moreover, a new arrival from Europe would have found the country a strange and inhospitable
    11:09
    place, with a climate that combined scorching heat with a prolonged monsoon season and frequent
    11:15
    wild animal attacks which killed over a hundred people a year. During his training, Orwell learned Burmese quickly and was apparently able to speak to
    11:24
    Burmese priests within a few years, but he remained unsociable and lacked the ability
    11:30
    for heavy drinking that the Burmese police force was known for.
    11:35
    After completing his training, in January 1924 Orwell was assigned to Myuangma in the
    11:40
    delta of the Irrawaddy River, around a hundred miles to the west of Yangon. As an assistant of the District Superintendent, he was in charge of a police station of between
    11:50
    twenty and thirty people. Later that year he was moved to Twantay, only thirty miles from Yangon but still a two-day
    11:57
    journey by steamboat, where as a Sub-Division Officer he was to oversee the police station
    12:03
    and also gather intelligence in the local villages. By the end of the year, he was promoted to Assistant District Superintendent and posted
    12:11
    to Syriam, where his main duties were to protect the operations of the Burmah Oil Company refinery.
    12:18
    Orwell was happier in Syriam, situated across the Bago River from Yangon, one of the few
    12:23
    places in the country where he could enjoy Western-style luxuries. In April 1926, he was transferred to Moulmein, another attractive posting since it enabled
    12:33
    him to make the acquaintance of his grandmother and his aunt. At the end of the year, he was moved to Kahta on the banks of the Irrawaddy to the west
    12:41
    of Mandalay, where he caught dengue fever and in July 1927 he was granted a six month
    12:48
    leave of absence to return to England and recuperate. Although he had been granted his leave due to his illness, after leaving Burma in late
    12:57
    July 1927 Orwell would never return. Nevertheless, the four and a half years Orwell spent in Burma left a great impression on
    13:06
    him and on his literary career. He recognised the brutality of British imperial rule but was also shocked by some of the practices
    13:15
    of the native Burmese, which Europeans of the time would have considered backward and
    13:20
    primitive. During a family holiday to Cornwall in September 1927, he announced that he was resigning from
    13:27
    the Burma Police and would instead pursue a career as a writer. The unexpected declaration provoked a bitter reaction from his parents and caused Orwell
    13:36
    to be estranged from his father for several years. During that autumn he travelled to Cambridge to visit an old tutor at Eton and asked for
    13:45
    advice about embarking on a literary career. Following the suggestion to move where writers and editors could be found, Orwell decided
    13:53
    to move to London and found lodgings on Portobello Road in west London. In late 1927, he decided to put on ragged clothes and make a visit to Limehouse in the
    14:04
    working-class East End of London, the first of many tramping expeditions.
    14:09
    While Orwell was genuinely sympathetic to the British working class and was struck by their kindness to him, he was also seeking material for his writing.
    14:19
    In early 1928, motivated by favourable exchange rates and a desire to place himself in one
    14:25
    of the most literary cities in Europe, Orwell moved to Paris. During this period, he wrote a number of short pieces for literary magazines, though none
    14:35
    were published. He saw more success in his journalism, writing articles about censorship in England and the
    14:41
    condition of the British working class using the material he gathered in London, as well as a piece inspired by his time in Burma.
    14:49
    During his first year in Paris, Orwell lived in the bohemian Latin Quarter among fellow
    14:55
    writers and artists, and he was often seen at social events with his aunt Nellie Limouzin
    15:00
    who lived nearby. After being hospitalised with influenza in March 1929, Orwell spent several months living
    15:08
    in destitution alongside a Russian friend, with whom he worked as a dishwasher in a large
    15:14
    hotel and later a restaurant. Since Aunt Nellie could have provided him with financial support if he ran out of money,
    15:22
    it is likely that Orwell’s decision was primarily motivated by literary research.
    15:27
    Living and working alongside the Parisian downtrodden, Orwell experienced and witnessed
    15:32
    the dirt and squalor which he would describe in his first novel, Down and Out in Paris
    15:38
    and London, published in 1933. After almost two years in Paris, Orwell returned to Southwold in December 1929.
    15:48
    While still in Paris, he had written a piece called ‘The Spike,’ referencing his experiences as a tramp in London.
    15:55
    He submitted it to the Adelphi magazine which accepted it for publication but after several
    16:00
    revisions it was still not published until 1931. The Adelphi was a progressive magazine and its editors at the time, Sir Richard Rees
    16:09
    and Max Plowman, were both involved in working class organisations. After their first meeting in 1930, Orwell became close friends with both men until the
    16:19
    end of his life. Despite his strained relationship with his father and the town’s reputation as a retreat
    16:25
    for the British upper classes, Orwell continued to be based in Southwold for much of the next
    16:30
    five years, working out of his bedroom in the family house and occasionally scandalising
    16:35
    the family with his unconventional way of life. In addition to writing about his experiences in France, Orwell worked as a book reviewer
    16:44
    for the Adelphi and by 1931 he was a regular contributor to its pages.
    16:50
    He supplemented his income by tutoring the children of family friends but also went tramping in London regularly, and on one occasion was working as a cleaner for a family in Limehouse
    17:01
    whose children were bemused by his posh accent. In September 1931 Orwell spent a couple of weeks in Kent working in the hop fields, an
    17:12
    activity which served as a summer holiday for the workers in the East End of London. Orwell kept a detailed diary of his expedition during which he and the men he had befriended
    17:22
    on the way from London were forced to steal supplies and food in order to survive.
    17:27
    The financial situation was so desperate that Orwell had to write to Southwold asking his
    17:33
    family for ten shillings, but once he reached the hop-fields he noted the remarkable generosity
    17:38
    of his fellow pickers in providing him with food. Although he tried to maintain a cockney accent to fit in with his company, on occasion Orwell
    17:47
    would revert to his normal manner of speaking. This only served to elicit greater sympathy from his companions, who concluded that he
    17:54
    had ‘come down in the world.’ After fifteen days of working for over ten hours a day in the fields, Orwell was paid
    18:02
    on the 19th of September, making sixteen shillings from the experience after deducting the train
    18:09
    fares. Back in London, he wrote up his hop-picking diary while working in the Billingsgate fish
    18:15
    market. The living conditions at his cheap lodgings in Tooley Street near London Bridge proved
    18:20
    so revolting that Orwell asked his parents for money and moved to the far more respectable
    18:25
    Harrow Road in West London. In early 1932, Orwell managed to secure the services of Leonard Moore as his literary
    18:35
    agent. At the time he was seeking publication for the manuscript of ‘A Scullion’s Diary,’
    18:40
    an account based on his experiences in Paris which had been sent to the poet T.S. Eliot at Faber & Faber, who found it interesting but too short.
    18:50
    While he was continuing to struggle with his literary career, he found a job as a master at Hawthorns High School for Boys in Hayes on the western outskirts of London, which
    19:00
    he described as ‘one of the most godforsaken places I have struck.’ In June, he received news from Moore that the publisher Victor Gollancz was prepared
    19:09
    to publish ‘A Scullion’s Diary’ for an advance of £40. After making the suggested edits, it was published under the title Down and Out in Paris and
    19:19
    London in January 1933. Its author had insisted on using a pseudonym rather than his real name of Eric Blair, and
    19:28
    eventually chose the name George Orwell on the basis that ‘it’s a good round English
    19:34
    name.’ The name George was derived from Saint George, the patron saint of England, while Orwell
    19:40
    comes from the River Orwell which runs through Ipswich in Suffolk. It had taken five years since his return from Burma, but the 29-year-old Eric Arthur Blair
    19:51
    was now a published novelist under the name of George Orwell.
    19:57
    Although Down and Out received favourable reviews and was listed among the ‘best sellers
    20:02
    of the week’ by the Sunday Express, Orwell’s life and career remained unstable.
    20:08
    Although his contemporaries recognised his intelligence and wit, his writing was unoriginal
    20:14
    and seemed old-fashioned for the time. By the time he was almost thirty, he was an unhappy man and had attempted to seek comfort
    20:22
    in religion by attending the Anglican church in Hayes, although he would later be critical
    20:27
    of religious practice. He was not earning enough money from writing to make a living, forcing him to do a teaching
    20:34
    job he did not much enjoy, and in 1933 he transferred to Fray’s College in Uxbridge
    20:40
    to teach French. In the meantime, he had suffered setbacks in his romantic life in Southwold.
    20:46
    In 1930 he proposed to Brenda Salkeld, the daughter of a clergyman who taught at a nearby
    20:52
    school, who preferred to remain friends. In 1931 he was in an intimate relationship with Eleanor Jacques, but she was already
    21:01
    romantically involved with Orwell’s friend Dennis Collings and would marry him in 1934.
    21:09
    In January 1933 Orwell sent Moore a hundred pages of Burmese Days, a novel inspired by
    21:16
    his time in Burma, and by November he managed to deliver the completed manuscript.
    21:22
    After falling dangerously ill with pneumonia in late December, in the New Year Orwell returned
    21:28
    to Southwold to recuperate, where he received the news that Gollancz had turned down Burmese
    21:33
    Days, afraid that he would be sued for libel. As a result, the novel was first published in the United States in October 1934 by his
    21:42
    American publisher Harper Brothers. The novel is set in the fictional town of Kyauktada, based on Katha, the Burmese town
    21:50
    where Orwell had his final posting before his return to England. Its main character John Flory is an unmarried teak merchant who is bored by the company
    22:00
    of the local European community and prefers the company of an Indian hospital doctor.
    22:05
    Flory falls in love with Elizabeth Lackersteen, the niece of the manager of a timber firm,
    22:10
    and dismisses his Burmese mistress. However, the arrival of an army officer named Lieutenant Verrall prompts Elizabeth to transfer
    22:19
    her affections to the man with greater prospects. In the meantime, Flory defends the reputation of his Indian friend Dr Veraswami against
    22:27
    attacks on him by U Po Kyin, a corrupt Burmese businessman. Kyin’s efforts create tensions between the Burmese and European populations, and Flory
    22:37
    becomes a hero when he helps to bring an anti-British riot under control.
    22:42
    After Verrall leaves Elizabeth without saying goodbye, she returns to Flory, only to abandon
    22:48
    him for a second time when U Po Kyin bribes his former mistress to make a public scene
    22:53
    about their affair, causing a despairing Flory to shoot himself.
    22:59
    While awaiting the publication of Burmese Days, Orwell wrote the novel A Clergyman’s Daughter over a six-month period, presenting Moore with the manuscript in early October
    23:09
    1934. The novel’s heroine Dorothy Hare is the daughter of a Suffolk rector who ends up in
    23:15
    London after suffering a mental breakdown. The novel follows her journey as she joins a group of tramps hop-picking in Kent, she
    23:23
    ends up in a prostitutes’ boarding house in London, then spends a night begging on the streets in Trafalgar Square, and finds work at a private school in west London before
    23:32
    eventually being rescued by a friend and returning home. The plot and the character of Dorothy seems to serve as a means for Orwell to reflect
    23:41
    on his personal experiences in rural Suffolk and among the London poor, offering social
    23:47
    commentary in the process. Perhaps for this reason, Orwell came to dislike the book and did not allow it to be reprinted
    23:54
    in his lifetime. In late October, thanks to Aunt Nellie’s influence, Orwell managed to secure a part-time
    24:02
    job as an assistant at Booklovers’ Corner, a bookshop in Hampstead in northwest London
    24:08
    run by Francis Westrope and his wife Myfanwy. With accommodation included at the Westropes’ flat, Orwell was living in London permanently
    24:17
    for the first time with access to the literary world, and by working five-and-a-half hours
    24:22
    a day, he could dedicate his free time to writing. For most of the fifteen months he spent at the bookshop, Orwell worked on Keep the Aspidistra
    24:31
    Flying, a novel about a poet who struggles to gain recognition from a literary elite
    24:36
    that is mostly closed to him. Once again, there are autobiographical elements to the story, although Orwell himself was
    24:44
    by now no longer a total outsider to the London literary scene.
    24:49
    During this time Orwell was also exposed to the left-wing politics of the Westropes, longstanding
    24:55
    members of the Independent Labour Party, a radical and revolutionary sect which remained
    25:00
    within the larger mainstream Labour Party. Although Orwell had not yet developed a defined set of political beliefs, his anti-Imperialism
    25:08
    and sense of fairness had already been drawing him towards socialism.
    25:14
    Orwell spent much of late 1934 and 1935 in lengthy discussions with Gollancz about his
    25:21
    manuscripts. A Clergyman’s Daughter was published in March 1935 to mixed reviews which praised
    25:27
    the treatment of specific scenes but were more critical of the style and plot.
    25:32
    Gollancz was now confident enough to publish Burmese Days after Orwell agreed to carry
    25:38
    out a thorough check of the lists of British officials in Burma to ensure that nobody shared
    25:44
    their name with any of his characters. In late June, the novel was published in the UK and received mostly positive reviews, including
    25:52
    one in the New Statesman from the writer Cyril Connolly, an old friend from St Cyprian’s
    25:58
    and Eton. This led to a reunion between the two men after thirteen years, and they remained close
    26:03
    friends until Orwell’s death. Meanwhile, in spring 1935 Orwell met Eileen O’Shaughnessy, a psychology student at University
    26:13
    College London. Almost immediately after their meeting Orwell was intent on marrying Eileen and the two
    26:19
    went on frequent dates over the course of the year, though Eileen did not immediately agree to his proposal and planned to finish her course before making a decision.
    26:31
    While continuing work on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Orwell became a regular book reviewer
    26:37
    for the New English Weekly, a literary journal launched in 1932.
    26:42
    After Orwell submitted the manuscript for Aspidistra on the 15th of January 1936, Gollancz
    26:49
    suggested that he should go to northern England to provide a piece of commentary about the social conditions, contributing to the literature of deprivation written during the Great Depression
    27:00
    of the 1930s. On the 31st of January Orwell left London with no precise idea where he was going, and
    27:08
    by the 3rd of February he reached Manchester. Using a list of the Adelphi’s regional representatives sent by Richard Rees, Orwell found places
    27:17
    to stay in Wigan, Liverpool, Sheffield, Leeds, and Barnsley over the next two months.
    27:24
    He kept a detailed diary about his meetings with working class people in the docks and
    27:29
    mines and recorded his shock at the extreme deprivation he saw. During his stay in Barnsley, he attended a meeting addressed by Sir Oswald Mosley, a
    27:39
    former Labour minister who had become the leader of the British Union of Fascists.
    27:45
    Developed by Italian leader Benito Mussolini in the 1920s, fascism was a political ideology
    27:50
    which channelled popular frustration about economic hardship into hatred for minority
    27:56
    groups. In 1933 Germany came under fascist rule as Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party came to power,
    28:03
    and the effects of economic depression made Britain susceptible to such an ideology.
    28:09
    Orwell was dismayed by both the violence displayed by Mosley’s blackshirt supporters and his
    28:15
    ability to persuade his audience of his ideas. After returning to London at the end of March, from the 2nd of April, Orwell moved to a tiny
    28:25
    cottage in the small village of Wallington in Hertfordshire, which he would use as a weekend retreat for over a decade.
    28:32
    When Orwell received news that Keep the Aspidistra Flying had been published, he was already
    28:37
    transforming the diary of his northern journey into a novel that would become The Road to
    28:42
    Wigan Pier. It is unclear whether Eileen was living with Orwell when he moved to Wallington, but on
    28:49
    the 9th of June 1936 the two were married at the local village church.
    28:54
    Since George Orwell was only a literary pseudonym and Eric Blair was still known by that name
    29:00
    by his friends and acquaintances, Eileen took the surname Blair. Eileen had abandoned her degree and may have expected to be involved in her husband’s
    29:09
    work but instead found herself largely excluded from it. By the end of the year Orwell finished writing The Road to Wigan Pier and sent the manuscript
    29:19
    to Gollancz on the 15th of December. The first half of the book documents his investigations of living conditions in the north of England,
    29:28
    while the second half features an essay about his political beliefs and attitudes to socialism.
    29:34
    After some difficulty, it was published in March 1937.
    29:40
    In late 1936 Orwell was keeping a close eye on events in Spain, where in July the Republican
    29:47
    government was facing a military revolt led by General Francisco Franco in Morocco.
    29:53
    The conflict soon became a full-scale civil war, and the Republican government decided to arm the trade union militias for its defence.
    30:01
    By the end of 1936 Franco’s Nationalists began to receive support from German and Italian
    30:07
    fascists, while the Soviet Union mobilised its network of European Communists to form
    30:13
    international brigades to support the Republicans. In late 1936 Orwell decided to go to Spain and arrived in Barcelona at the end of December,
    30:23
    where he hoped to write about the situation in Spain to spread awareness among the English working class and was also keen to fight.
    30:31
    Using his connections to the Independent Labour Party, he joined a militia unit organised
    30:36
    by the United Workers Marxist Party, a revolutionary organisation but one opposed to the Soviet
    30:42
    Union and its leader Joseph Stalin. In early January 1937, the unit was sent to the Aragon Front near Zaragoza, though they
    30:52
    lacked the supplies to do much fighting and were reduced to patrol duty. Although observers recognised that he was capable of bravery in the firing line, when
    31:02
    he was off duty Orwell spent most of his time sitting by himself reading or writing.
    31:09
    In March, Orwell received a visit from Eileen, who had decided to go to Spain herself in
    31:14
    February to support the cause in a back-office role. By this point Orwell’s unit had been transferred to join the Republican army besieging the
    31:23
    city of Huesca. In one of the most dramatic episodes of his military career, he was part of a company
    31:29
    which captured an enemy redoubt but was counterattacked from an enemy position.
    31:34
    Orwell threw a bomb at the attackers to suppress the enemy fire, winning time for him and his
    31:40
    comrades to retreat. In late April, he was back in Barcelona seeking a transfer to the Madrid Front, which meant
    31:47
    joining the Communist International Brigade. Before he was able to leave, Orwell was involved in the infighting between the anti-Franco
    31:55
    forces as the Civil Guard attempted to take control of the city from the workers militias
    32:01
    on behalf of the Republican government that was increasingly under Soviet influence. For three days, Orwell was barricaded in a rooftop observatory before government troops
    32:11
    arrived on the 6th of May and disbanded the militias. In these circumstances, Orwell decided to return to the Aragon Front, where on the 20th
    32:21
    of May he was shot through the throat by an enemy sniper. After being moved around several hospitals, he was declared unfit and received his discharge
    32:30
    papers. When he returned to Barcelona on the 21st of June, Orwell and Eileen were caught up
    32:37
    in the government’s suppression of the United Workers Marxist Party and everyone associated
    32:42
    with it, and only narrowly escaped Spain after receiving their passports from the British
    32:47
    consulate. The six months Orwell spent in Spain had a great impact on the rest of his life.
    32:54
    Not only did it transform his attitude towards politics, but also, Spain features heavily
    33:00
    in his book reviews and the articles he wrote, as well as this, Orwell’s experiences in
    33:06
    Barcelona contributed to his anti-Communist and anti-Stalinist views.
    33:11
    After his return to England, an article he submitted offering an eyewitness account of the events in Barcelona was rejected by the New Statesman on the grounds that articles
    33:20
    critical of the Republican government were effectively pro-Franco propaganda. Orwell spent the second half of 1937 in Wallington working on an extended account of his Spanish
    33:32
    adventures which would become Homage to Catalonia. As the autumn wore on, Orwell kept a close eye on news of Spain, resigned to the fact
    33:41
    that Franco’s slow but steady advance into Republican territory would be unstoppable.
    33:47
    By the end of the year the book was finished and sent to his new publisher, Secker & Warburg,
    33:52
    as Orwell feared that Gollancz would reject the title due to its anti-Stalinist tendencies.
    33:59
    When Homage to Catalonia was published in April 1938, despite some positive reviews
    34:04
    it proved a commercial failure, selling fewer than 700 copies by the end of the year.
    34:10
    Meanwhile, Orwell had been seriously ill since early March with lung problems and spent more
    34:15
    than five months at Preston Hall sanatorium in Kent, during which time, he joined the
    34:20
    Independent Labour Party, declaring that the Communists were no more than a front for Soviet
    34:26
    policy, while the Labour Party had become part of the mainstream elite. In September, Orwell went to Morocco accompanied by Eileen, but while the trip was supposed
    34:36
    to restore his health, he resented the six months he spent in the country. Keen to return to England, he spent his time writing Coming up for Air, a novel which sees
    34:46
    the protagonist George Bowling motivated by nostalgia to visit his hometown in Oxfordshire,
    34:52
    only to find it completely unrecognisable, prompting him to lament the march of progress
    34:57
    and modernity, driven by commercialism and capitalism. Orwell delivered the manuscript to Moore upon his return to England on the 30th of March
    35:08
    1939, and the book proved far more successful than Homage to Catalonia after its publication
    35:13
    by Gollancz in June, selling out its first edition of 2,000 copies.
    35:18
    At the end of June, Orwell travelled to Southwold to be at the bedside of his dying father,
    35:24
    after which he returned to Wallington, keeping a diary chronicling the international events which would result in the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.
    35:36
    Shortly before the outbreak of war, Eileen found work in the government’s Censorship Department in London, where Orwell had expected to join her but instead spent the next nine
    35:46
    months in Wallington. Although he had previously been opposed to the war, when it actually happened, Orwell
    35:52
    was motivated by a sense of patriotic duty and sought to play a part in the war effort
    35:58
    despite his health issues. Orwell was far from the only writer in the country who wondered if their work was of
    36:04
    any value during a time of war, but as he was unable to find a more useful occupation,
    36:11
    he continued to work on his collection of essays Inside the Whale, which was published
    36:16
    by Gollancz in March 1940. Orwell also found a new outlet for his work in the form of Horizon, a monthly literary
    36:24
    magazine edited by Cyril Connolly which was launched on New Year’s Day 1940.
    36:31
    By May, Orwell and Eileen moved into a new flat in London near Regent’s Park, from
    36:37
    where they received news about the evacuation of Dunkirk and the surrender of France on
    36:42
    the 17th of June. The events in France were also the cause of personal tragedy for the Orwells, who received
    36:49
    news that Eileen’s beloved brother Laurence had been killed while serving as a medic for the British Expeditionary Force.
    36:57
    The collapse of France led to fears of a German invasion of England and prompted Foreign Secretary
    37:03
    Anthony Eden to announce the creation of the Local Defence Volunteers, soon renamed the
    37:09
    Home Guard, to serve as a last line of defence. In mid-June, Orwell enthusiastically joined a company of around ten volunteers in St John’s
    37:19
    Wood and was soon promoted to sergeant. The group’s activities consisted of meeting twice a week carrying out guard duty at the
    37:27
    local telephone exchange and other strategic points. In addition to these duties, Orwell joined a project convened by Fred Warburg – the
    37:35
    publisher of Homage to Catalonia – to bring writers together to write about issues relating
    37:40
    to the war. To begin the series, Orwell agreed to write a book about the prospect of a democratic
    37:46
    socialist Britain. Written during the London Blitz while bombs were falling around him, The Lion and the
    37:52
    Unicorn begins with an examination of what it means to be English. Orwell then argues that the failure at Dunkirk was the failure of capitalism, and that Britain
    38:03
    could only win the war with a socialist government, a sign of his belief that only the people
    38:09
    and workers could effectively defend democracy. At the beginning of 1941, Orwell was commissioned to write a regular ‘London Letter’ for
    38:19
    the American political journal Partisan Review. Over the new few years this served as an outlet for Orwell’s experiences of the Home Front
    38:28
    as well as his hopes for the social and economic transformation of the country after the war.
    38:33
    He also defended the Home Guard as a viable fighting force, and welcomed the introduction
    38:39
    of younger working-class volunteers signing up to gain some soldiering experience before
    38:45
    they joined the armed forces. Despite the German bombing campaign and the destruction of much of London’s financial
    38:51
    district and the East End, Orwell observed that his fellow Londoners viewed the war with
    38:57
    a combination of helplessness and disinterest, since by 1941 the prospect of a German invasion
    39:04
    was rather remote after the Royal Air Force successfully prevented the Germans from obtaining
    39:09
    air superiority during the Battle of Britain. But even as the invasion threat receded, Orwell’s spirits were dampened by news of British and
    39:18
    Allied setbacks in Greece, North Africa, and the Middle East. The news of Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union on the 22nd of June did not give Orwell
    39:27
    much hope, instead he seemed convinced that the Germans would not have launched the campaign
    39:32
    unless they were sure they could defeat the Soviets rapidly. Orwell had been back in London looking for a wartime job for over a year when in August
    39:43
    1941 he was offered the job of a radio producer at the BBC’s Indian Section.
    39:49
    Since he retained an affection for the country of his birth and was happy to make any contribution to the war effort, Orwell accepted.
    39:56
    The job involved preparing three daily news commentaries in English which were broadcast to India as well as the Japanese-occupied territories of Malaya and Indonesia.
    40:06
    There were further news summaries to be translated into local languages, as well as political
    40:11
    and cultural programmes. Orwell relished the opportunity to bring together writers with an Indian background and sought
    40:18
    to promote their work to a wider audience. Since India was still subject to political agitation by nationalists demanding independence,
    40:27
    Orwell had to tread a fine line and came to resent the interference of third parties such
    40:32
    as the government’s India Office who occasionally complained about his output and the guests
    40:37
    he invited. In March 1942, when he resumed his diary after a six-month break, Orwell commented that ‘all
    40:45
    we are doing at present is useless, or slightly worse than useless.’
    40:50
    He wondered if he had any listeners, and it was only later in the 1940s that he learned
    40:56
    that his broadcasts served as lifelines to people living under Japanese occupation.
    41:02
    Orwell’s preoccupation with Indian affairs during his time at the BBC influenced his
    41:07
    literary output, as demonstrated in an essay published in Horizon in 1942 on Rudyard Kipling
    41:15
    in which Orwell highlighted the economic exploitation of India while being unable to hide an admiration
    41:21
    for the men of action who built the empire. With a keen interest in the future of India after the war, Orwell closely followed the
    41:29
    diplomatic mission led by Sir Stafford Cripps, recently appointed Leader of the House of Commons in the wartime government.
    41:37
    Cripps went to India in March 1942 with proposals to secure the support of the Indian nationalists
    41:44
    during the war in return for self-government after it, but the mission was a failure after
    41:49
    his terms proved unacceptable to both the British government and Indian nationalists.
    41:55
    Orwell admired Cripps for his willingness to stick to his principles, and he was not alone in regarding him as a potential rival to Churchill as the leader of a radical wartime
    42:06
    government. With further setbacks in the East and the Japanese overrunning Burma, Cripps seemed
    42:12
    to be biding his time to issue a revolutionary challenge to Churchill. However, by late 1942, the war was beginning to shift in the Allies’ favour as the German
    42:23
    advance stalled at Stalingrad while the British seized the upper hand in North Africa.
    42:30
    Increasingly disillusioned by his work at the BBC, Orwell submitted his resignation in September 1943 and left his desk on the 24th of November.
    42:40
    He took the job of literary editor at the Tribune, a left-wing weekly newspaper launched in 1937 with financial backing from Stafford Cripps and edited by the Labour MP Aneurin
    42:52
    Bevan. Although Orwell’s journalism for the Tribune carried an anti-Soviet strain which irritated
    42:58
    much of the readership during the wartime alliance, he was glad to have Bevan’s support.
    43:03
    Orwell also wrote a column for the Tribune entitled ‘As I Please’ which touched on all sorts of subjects from his thoughts about the war to the roses at his cottage in Wallington.
    43:14
    In addition to his day job, Orwell continued to write for the Partisan Review and Horizon,
    43:20
    and he had also been contributing to the Observer newspaper since late 1941.
    43:26
    Furthermore, throughout 1943 Orwell was working on a new novel warning about the dangers of
    43:33
    totalitarianism in the form of an allegory of the Soviet Union set on a farm where the
    43:39
    animals overthrow the humans. By February 1944, the manuscript was complete but Orwell knew that he would have difficulty
    43:47
    finding a publisher of Animal Farm during an era of positive feelings for Stalin and
    43:52
    the Soviet Union. Orwell spent the early months of 1944 trying to find a publisher, knowing that Gollancz
    43:59
    would not be prepared to publish a satire of the Soviet Union despite turning against
    44:05
    Stalinism. In May, Jonathan Cape read the manuscript and was inclined to publish it, but at the
    44:11
    end of June he informed Leonard Moore that he had taken advice from an official in the
    44:17
    Ministry of Information not to publish a book so offensive to the Soviets.
    44:22
    Orwell had resisted contacting Warburg since he knew the firm was suffering from a wartime
    44:27
    paper shortage, but in July he received reassurances that they were prepared to publish Animal
    44:34
    Farm if they could get the paper to print it on. By September, Warburg agreed to publish it the following year, although given the publisher’s
    44:43
    difficulties, the book would not be published until August 1945.
    44:49
    While Orwell was labouring to find a publisher for Animal Farm, his family life was also
    44:55
    experiencing considerable changes. He had been married to Eileen for eight years but during that period they had been unable
    45:02
    to conceive a child. They decided to adopt a child from Newcastle, where her sister-in-law Gwen O’Shaughnessy
    45:08
    worked with unmarried mothers. The couple adopted an illegitimate boy born on the 14th of May 1944 who was later given
    45:17
    the name Richard Horatio Blair, though the baby was first taken to Greystone, the O’Shaughnessy’s
    45:23
    family house twenty-five miles south of Newcastle. At the end of June, the Orwells’ flat had been bombed, and it was only in October that
    45:31
    they moved into a new flat in Islington and were able to bring Richard down from Newcastle.
    45:37
    In 1942, Eileen had left the Ministry of Information for a job at the Ministry of Food but chose
    45:43
    to leave in order to take full-time responsibility for the baby. In February 1945, Orwell accepted the job of war correspondent for the Observer and
    45:53
    the Manchester Evening News and left for Paris, while Eileen and Richard went to live at Greystone.
    46:00
    While in London arranging legal formalities of Richard’s adoption, Eileen fell ill and
    46:06
    a medical examination found several tumours on her uterus. She was advised to have an immediate hysterectomy scheduled for the 29th of March in hospital
    46:15
    in Newcastle. Shortly after being placed under anaesthetic, she died of cardiac failure at the age of
    46:21
    39. Orwell himself had been taken ill in Paris, but upon receiving news of his wife’s death
    46:28
    returned to England immediately. Although Orwell was shocked and desperately unhappy, after Eileen’s funeral in Newcastle
    46:35
    he decided to return to his duties as a wartime correspondent on the continent.
    46:41
    Back on the continent, Orwell followed the Allied advance eastwards into Germany, reporting
    46:47
    on the devastation caused by the war. He stayed on for a couple of weeks after the German surrender on the 8th of May recording
    46:54
    the rounding-up of the remnants of the German army, before returning to London by the end of the month.
    46:59
    By the end of June, he found a nurse for Richard, who was brought back to the Islington flat in July.
    47:05
    The publication of Animal Farm in August was an incredible success, selling almost 5,000
    47:11
    copies in six weeks, and established Orwell as one of the leading writers of the day.
    47:17
    In a short novel of a hundred pages, Orwell describes how the animals take over a poorly
    47:22
    run farm by overthrowing the human farmer in a revolution led by the pigs Snowball and
    47:28
    Napoleon. After an initial improvement in conditions, Snowball and Napoleon fall out over plans
    47:35
    to modernise the farm, prompting Napoleon to send dogs to chase Snowball out of the
    47:40
    farm. Through the help of a young pig named Squealer, Napoleon is able to persuade the animals that
    47:46
    Snowball has been trying to sabotage the farm and orders his dogs to execute the animals
    47:52
    suspected of retaining sympathies to his rival. By the end of the book, most of the animals are impoverished while the pigs begin to increasingly
    48:01
    act like humans. Orwell wrote Animal Farm as an attack on Stalin’s dictatorial methods, his misrepresentation
    48:10
    of reality, and the way in which he established an entrenched elite that resembled the old
    48:15
    Russian aristocracy in many ways and betrayed the principles of socialism.
    48:20
    Napoleon and Snowball in Animal Farm represent Stalin and his rival Leon Trotsky, the Soviet
    48:27
    revolutionary leader who had been Vladimir Lenin’s right-hand man following the Revolution
    48:32
    of 1917 and was widely expected to become leader after Lenin’s death in 1924.
    48:39
    Instead, Trotsky and his allies were outmanoeuvred by Stalin during the 1920s.
    48:45
    Although he was exiled in 1929, Trotsky continued to be hounded by Stalin’s agents and those
    48:52
    who opposed Stalin in the Soviet Union continued to be denounced as Trotskyists and purged
    48:58
    from the party, and Trotsky himself was assassinated by a Stalinist agent in Mexico in 1940.
    49:06
    After the astonishing success of the book, Orwell was afraid that it would be used by British conservatives as an attack on socialism rather than Stalin and was keen to make it
    49:17
    clear that he was still a keen socialist. Orwell welcomed the election of Clement Attlee’s Labour government in July 1945, but his hopes
    49:26
    for more radical political change were not realised. He started to work on a new novel set in a dystopian totalitarian society and hoped to
    49:32
    get away from London. Shortly before her death, Eileen had written to her husband observing that he was being
    49:38
    overworked with everything he was writing for the newspapers and journals, and the couple
    49:44
    discussed moving out to the country where Orwell would have more time to work on his fiction.
    49:49
    By September 1945, Orwell was making plans to move to the Scottish island of Jura in
    49:55
    the Inner Hebrides and rented a farmhouse called Barnhill, staying in London for the
    50:00
    time being while the house was being renovated. Although he managed to establish some form of routine in his Islington flat with Richard
    50:08
    and his housekeeper-nurse Susan Watson, Orwell was in poor health and desperately lonely,
    50:15
    prompting him to make marriage proposals to several younger women, all of whom turned him down.
    50:22
    Orwell planned to go to Jura in the spring of 1946, but a tubercular haemorrhage at the
    50:28
    end of February and his sister Marjorie’s death prevented him from doing so until the end of May.
    50:34
    At Barnhill, Orwell was accompanied by his surviving sister Avril, his adopted son Richard
    50:40
    and his nurse Susan. While the house itself was a pleasant retreat, it was located seven miles from the nearest
    50:47
    village of Ardlussa, forcing Orwell to buy a motorbike to ride to the village and back
    50:52
    to collect groceries and other supplies. The remoteness of Barnhill worked to Orwell’s advantage by giving him the time he needed
    50:59
    to rest and focus on his novel-writing, although it made it extremely difficult for him to
    51:05
    keep in touch with his friends in London. Some of those invited to Jura decided against making a visit upon realising it would take
    51:12
    the best part of two days and a combination of trains, buses, and boats, followed by a
    51:18
    taxi ride at the end of the journey, which might require the visitor to get out and walk depending on the weather and the condition of the road.
    51:27
    Although he promised his agent Leonard Moore that he expected to complete most of the latest novel by early autumn, the many distractions which came with life on a remote Scottish
    51:37
    island hindered progress. During the 1930s and ‘40s Orwell had witnessed the totalitarian regimes of Hitler’s Germany
    51:46
    and Stalin’s Soviet Union with alarm, and during the war he was uncomfortable with the
    51:51
    methods used by the British government to control and censor information. He believed that the foundations of totalitarianism lay in the misuse of language to manipulate
    52:02
    the truth and was pessimistic about humanity’s tendency to be subject to such manipulation.
    52:09
    Orwell intended this novel as a warning to mankind and was desperate to make progress
    52:14
    on it despite his failing health. By September he had written around fifty pages when he returned to London to catch up with
    52:22
    friends and make professional arrangements. Meanwhile, a BBC radio adaptation of Animal Farm went out on the airwaves in January 1947,
    52:32
    and Orwell switched to Secker & Warburg as his main publisher after persuading Victor
    52:38
    Gollancz to release him from his contract. By April, Orwell was back at Barnhill and keen to finish the novel by early 1948 but
    52:48
    was prevented from doing so by continued ill health. After falling out with Orwell’s sister Avril, Susan Watson had left Barnhill for good the
    52:57
    previous autumn, but Richard Rees took it upon himself to spend most of the year at
    53:02
    Barnhill looking after Orwell. He had almost finished writing the first draft of the novel, but a planned trip to London
    53:09
    in November was abandoned when it was clear that he was too ill to travel. A doctor travelling up to Ardlussa diagnosed him with tuberculosis and shortly before Christmas,
    53:20
    Orwell was admitted to hospital near Glasgow. His condition improved in the spring and he went back to Jura where he returned to work
    53:29
    on the second draft of the novel, acting against the advice of his doctors to rest for six
    53:35
    hours a day. By October the manuscript was ready to be typed up but Orwell was once again seriously
    53:41
    ill and asked Warburg to find a typist who would be willing to travel up to Barnhill,
    53:46
    but when none could be found by mid-November the author set to work, carrying out the task
    53:52
    himself. Orwell and his publisher chose the title Nineteen Eighty-Four for the novel, choosing a year
    53:58
    in the future when the events described might take place.
    54:03
    In the new year of 1949, Orwell left Jura for the last time to stay at a sanatorium
    54:10
    in the Cotswolds. Meanwhile, Warburg was appalled by what he had read in Orwell’s manuscript, reading
    54:16
    it as a satirical attack on the Soviet Union and fearing it might be used as anti-Soviet
    54:22
    propaganda. In fact, the setting of Nineteen Eighty-Four is not the Soviet Union but an extreme version
    54:27
    of wartime England. In the novel, England is called Airstrip One and forms part of Oceania, which engaged in
    54:35
    a struggle for global dominance against its rivals Eurasia and Eastasia.
    54:40
    Big Brother, the leader of Oceania, is seen everywhere on posters and television screens,
    54:45
    in public and in private. The Party maintains its control by keeping close surveillance of people using two-way
    54:53
    televisions and listening devices controlled by the Thought Police. The main character, Winston Smith, is a bureaucrat at the Ministry of Truth whose job it is to
    55:03
    falsify history by censoring and rewriting back copies of The Times newspaper.
    55:09
    To further underline the idea that the novel is set in England, Orwell’s description of the Ministry of Truth was inspired by the University of London’s Senate House building,
    55:19
    which had housed the wartime Ministry of Information, while its interior is reminiscent of the BBC’s
    55:25
    offices in which Orwell worked during the war. Winston is secretly opposed to his regime and denounces Big Brother in his diary – written
    55:34
    in a small corner of his room out of range of the surveillance devices – despite knowing
    55:39
    that he was committing a thought crime. When a young woman named Julia confides that she is also opposed to Big Brother, the two
    55:47
    have an affair but are eventually caught by the Thought Police and imprisoned at the Ministry
    55:52
    of Love. Subject to torture in Room 101, which contains each prisoner’s worst fear, Winston and
    55:59
    Julia denounce each other and Winston ends the novel declaring his love for Big Brother.
    56:06
    Despite signalling that he would like to write more novels, Orwell’s health did not improve
    56:12
    and he seemed to realise he was dying. Nineteen Eighty-Four was published in June with 25,000 copies printed on both sides of
    56:20
    the Atlantic accompanied by booming sales and positive reviews which raised its author’s
    56:25
    spirits but did little to improve his physical health. In September Orwell moved to University College Hospital in London, a short distance away
    56:33
    from the University of London’s Senate House which had housed the wartime Ministry of Information
    56:40
    and served as the inspiration for the Ministry of Truth. He seemed to hold out hope for recovery and proposed to Sonia Brownell, a woman fifteen
    56:49
    years younger than him who worked for Cyril Connolly at Horizon and who had turned him
    56:54
    down a few years earlier. On this occasion Sonia accepted and the couple were married on the 13th of October, with
    57:01
    the groom sitting up on his hospital bed, but despite a temporary uplift in the weeks
    57:06
    following the wedding, Orwell’s condition worsened. In the new year, arrangements were made for Orwell to travel to Switzerland, not so much
    57:14
    in the hope that his health would improve, but that he could die in a more peaceful environment.
    57:20
    Four days before the scheduled departure date, George Orwell died on the 21st of January
    57:25
    1950 at the age of 46. The man born Eric Blair seemed destined for the unspectacular life of a respectable civil
    57:36
    servant of the British Empire. However, after returning home from Burma in 1927 and declaring his intention to become
    57:44
    a writer, he spent the rest of his life trying to discard his privileged upbringing.
    57:50
    After many adventures in the guise of a tramp and some early journal contributions, he achieved
    57:55
    his aim of being a published novelist in 1933 under the name George Orwell.
    58:01
    Increasingly exposed to left-wing politics, the six months Orwell spent in Spain in 1937
    58:07
    shortly after getting married proved formative for his political consciousness, prompting him to embrace a brand of independent anti-Soviet socialism.
    58:16
    Following the outbreak of war in 1939, Orwell longed to contribute to the war effort but
    58:22
    later felt disillusioned by his work at the BBC and the censorship he was subject to.
    58:28
    His ideas about Nazi and Soviet totalitarianism and his experiences in wartime Britain inspired
    58:34
    his most famous literary creations, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, but by the
    58:40
    time these novels were published, elevating Orwell to a position amongst the great writers
    58:45
    of his day, he had already suffered the tragedy of his wife Eileen’s death and was dealing
    58:51
    with his own declining health. Even his literary success came at a cost, with his writings not only interpreted as
    58:59
    a criticism of the Soviet Union but on socialism in general, in spite of his own left-wing
    59:05
    political views, ultimately, his criticism was perhaps not of socialism itself but of
    59:11
    authoritarianism in general but this is a subject which still attracts debate and political
    59:17
    analysis to this day. What do you think of George Orwell? Was he a great novelist with profound insights into human society, or was he a mediocre writer
    59:28
    whose influential political satires have only served to undermine the political causes he
    59:33
    championed? Please let us know in the comment section and in the meantime, thank you very much for
    59:39
    watching.

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