Kanada: urrea eta diru fiduziarioa

Oraingo dirua fiat money¹ da eta flotatu egiten du libre.

Gobernu batek nonahi Banku zentrala eta Altxor publikoa erabiltzen ditu bere eragiketa monetarioak eta finantzarioak gauzatzearren, biak gobernuko departamentuak dira.

Banku zentrala monetak jaulkitzeko erabiltzen da, baita interes tasak jartzeko ere. Ordenagailu baten teklatuarekin jartzen du martxan Banku zentralak dirua, zero kostuan.

Altxor publikoa finantzan eta zergapetzean erabiltzen da.

(Europar Batasunean ez dago Altxor publikorik haren osotasunerako.)

Urre estandarreko sistema 1971n² bukatu zen.

Urrea ez da gehiagorik inongo erreserba.

Albistea: It’s Official: Canada Has Sold All Of Its Gold Reserves³

(a) Hilabete batean, urreko erreserben erdia saldu zuen Kanadak⁴

(b) Government-held asset bezalako urrea uztea da joera⁵

(d) Kanadako gobernuak zeukan urre kantitatea 1960ko hamarkadaren erditik jaisten joan da⁶

(e) 2015erako, Kanadako urrezko ‘erreserbak’ hiru tona ziren⁷

(f) Lee ekonomialariaren ustez, “… there may soon come a time when Canada’s gold reserves are entirely a thing of the past.”

Lee-k arrazoi zeukan. Hilabete bat pasa ondoren, Kanadako Finantza Departamentuak bere azken txostenean (released its latest official international reserves) dioenez, ofizialki,

Canada has fully “broken away with tradition” and has exactly zero gold left⁸

Moneta, dolar kanadarra, diru fiduziarioa da.

Gaurko bankuen jardueraz, ikus Warren Mosler-ek bankugintzaz⁹.

1 Ikus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_money.

2 Ingelesez: “The Bretton Woods system collapsed in what became known as the Nixon Shock. This was a series of economic measures taken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971, including unilaterally canceling the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. Since then, a system of national fiat monies has been used globally, with freely floating exchange rates between the major currencies.”

3 Ikus http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-03/its-official-moment-canada-has-no-gold-reserves-left.

4 Ingelesez: “One month ago, when looking at the latest Canadian official international reserves, we noticed something strange: Canada had sold nearly half of its gold reserves in one month. According to the February data, total Canadian gold reserves stood at 1.7 tonnes. That was just 0.1 per cent of the country’s total reserves, which also include foreign currency deposits and bonds.

(…)
Reached by Global News on Wednesday evening, a spokesperson for the finance department said the sale “was done in the normal course of business for the government. The decision to sell the gold was not tied to a specific gold price, and sales are being conducted over a long period and in a controlled manner.””

5 Ingelesez: “This latest sell-off is indeed part of a much longer-term pattern of moving away from gold as a government-held asset.”

6 Ingelesez: “The amount of gold the Canadian government holds has therefore been falling steadily since the mid-1960s, when over 1,000 tonnes were kept tucked away. Half of those reserves were sold by 1985, and then almost all the rest were sold through the 1990s up to 2002.”

7 Ingelesez: “By last year, Canada’s reserves were down to just three tonnes, and the latest sales have now halved that. At the current market rate, the value of 1.7 tonnes of gold comes in at just under CAD$100 million, barely a drop in the bucket when you consider the broader scope of federal finances.”

8 Zehazki hauxe irakurtzen da, ingelesez: “The Government of Canada sold 21,851 ounces of gold coins for settlement in February. On February 29, gold holdings stood at 77 ounces. The valuation is based on the February 29, 2016, London p.m. fix of US$1,234.90 per ounce.”

9 Ikus https://www.unibertsitatea.net/blogak/heterodoxia/2012/11/04/warren-mosler-ek-bankugintzaz/. Halaber, ikus Dirua, banku zentrala, altxor publikoa eta merkataritza bankuak DTM-ren arabera (1); Dirua, banku zentrala, altxor publikoa eta merkataritza bankuak DTM-ren arabera (2); eta Dirua, banku zentrala, altxor publikoa eta merkataritza bankuak DTM-ren arabera (3).