Song, kanta
“My Name is Gaza“
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1809903714389385382
****
US President Harry Truman (1945-1953) stands next to a map showing the State of Palestine. Israel is not real.
****
Ghazal was pulled from the rubble of her home that Israel bombed. Her shirt poetically says
“home is where i’m with you“.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1810993207519727862
*****
“I SWEAR TO BE LOYAL TO THE GOVERNMENT OF PALESTINE” SIGNED BY ISRAELIS WHEN EMIGRATING FROM EUROPE IN THE 1930s
oooooo
Donald Trump: “No President has done what I’ve done for Israel.”
Absolutely disgusting!
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1816898531300352106
oooooo
1/3 left Ukraine as well
The Rains of Palestine
A photographer was walking through the streets of Gaza taking photos of the destruction and devastation when it began to rain. He came upon a woman and her child next to a destroyed home. She stood there holding her baby as she stared at the place they once called home, where so many memories had been made.
She did not cry, the photographer asked if she was OK and she replied that her husband was inside and had been killed a day prior. The photographer was taken aback by her calmness, her resolution and lack of tears.
The next week the photographer was making his way through the same neighborhood when it began to rain again. By some strange design he came across the same woman and her child once more. This time however her child lay in her arms, dead. The woman still did not cry, she just held her baby close.
The photographer could not help himself, he asked her how it is that she had lost her home, her husband and now her child, yet she does not cry.
She did not look at him as she replied, she told him that she stopped crying when her heart was broken, because the world would not hear her cries and they would not see her tears. So now she sends her pain and prayers to God above, and they return to earth as rain.
The man tried to cover her, and pleaded with her to take her child and herself out of the rain but she refused.
“What will you do, what will happen now?” He asked trying to cover himself from the rain. She replied still cradling her child, “Tomorrow it will rain, and I will be here.
The rain is our pain, our truth, but the world seeks shelter from the rain.”
-
Noctis Draven
#UkraineRussianWar #ukraine #russia #Zelensky #putin #nato #BRICS #china #india #africa #Trump #biden #EU #IsraeliCrimes #Palestine #Israel #Palestina #Gazagenocide #gaza #tuckercarlson #WW3 #Iran
oooooo
Putin is seen holding a special bird of prey. It is not chance, it is a sign of the man. If you understand the meaning then you can appreciate this all the more.
It took courage to heal and rebuild Russia after the 90s, to repelle the advances of the west who seeked to pillage and pick Russia dry. To overcome corruption of the oligarchs happy to sell Russia to the west to enrich themselves. Finally, to protect Russia in its new role as the world leader in the multipolar world order.
#UkraineRussianWar #ukraine #russia #Zelensky #putin #nato #BRICS #china #india #africa #Trump #biden #EU #IsraeliCrimes #Palestine #Israel #Palestina #Gazagenocide #gaza #tuckercarlson #WW3 #Iran
oooooo
Putin understands the truth of American politics. He understands that who is in charge is unimportant because the powers that be truly pull the strings. Putin is wise, he understands from Russia what took me a lifetime to understand from America. He knows that those truly in charge are never seen, never on the news and never broadcast.
This is why Putin makes sure Russia is strong, able to stand and defend regardless of what figure head is installed in America or the west. Putin understands that the faces and names in America change like the seasons, and with it policy and promises. So Russia must ensure its own interests and security.
#UkraineRussianWar #ukraine #russia #Zelensky #putin #nato #BRICS #china #india #africa #Trump #biden #EU #IsraeliCrimes #Palestine #Israel #Palestina #Gazagenocide #gaza #tuckercarlson #WW3 #Iran
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1815311299112305018
oooooo
Not only an amazing entertainer but a wise man as well. He points out that it’s always been about taking on and defeating Russia. For the west, the prize has always been this.
As Captain Ahab was obsessed with his whale that ultimately was his demise so too is the west with Russia that will also be their demise.
#UkraineRussianWar #ukraine #russia #Zelensky #putin #nato #BRICS #china #india #africa #Trump #biden #EU #IsraeliCrimes #Palestine #Israel #Palestina #Gazagenocide #gaza #tuckercarlson #WW3 #Iran
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1815280859936596133
oooooo
A rare person, to walk away from a made life for your ideals. Very awesome .
Aipamena
Sulaiman Ahmed@ShaykhSulaiman
uzt. 20
BELLA HADID: “IM NOT AFRAID TO LOSE MODELLING JOBS & I WILL CONTINUE TO SPEAK UP ON PALESTINE”
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1814480092934148348
oooooo
Patti Politics @impattipolitics
“This did not start on October 7th.”
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1816984683764203582
oooooo
Meloni in China!
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni arrived in Beijing today for a five-day visit.
She will meet with Pres. Xi Jinping and Premier Qiang.
Demonize China… quit BRI… impose tariffs… and then go begging for business deals.
Europe’s foreign policy.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817217061619442154
oooooo
Orbán says out loud what every European leader knows to be true: the US is behind the bombing of Nord Stream, the worst act of industrial terrorism in European history.
uzt. 27
“Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban believes that the explosions on the Nord Stream gas pipelines were carried out “under American leadership.” “Today, Europe does nothing but unconditionally follow the foreign policy of the US Democratic Party, even at the cost of self-harm,” the Hungarian prime minister said.
“The fact that we remain silent about the bombing of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, that Germany itself remains silent about an obvious act of terrorism committed under American leadership against its property, and that we do not investigate, do not try to clarify and do not raise this issue legally – just as we did not do the right thing regarding the wiretapping of Angela Merkel, which was carried out with the help of Denmark – is nothing other than an act of submissiveness.”
oooooo
IT NEVER STARTED ON OCTOBER 7
SHARE AND EXPOSE THE TRUTH
FREE PALESTINE FROM THE OCCUPATION
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1816903562108236240
oooooo
EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT ON GOLAN HEIGHTS
ISRAEL IS LYING TO DRAG AMERICA INTO A WAR
Eyewitness to Majdal Shams incident says Israel’s warning siren sounded seconds before impact.
He says a real rocket would have caused more damage and that authorities collected shrapnel from the site, and now Israel wants to ATTACK Hezbollah.
This testimony indicates Israel’s Iron Dome was responsible for the deaths and that Israeli forces covered it up to blame Hezbollah
Israel wants to drag America into a war with Lebanon and Iran, based on a lie.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817340354535858392
oooooo
Double Down News@DoubleDownNews
10 months on…
You have to ask yourself why Israel is allowed to continue to engage in the mass slaughter of men, women and children with absolute impunity and full military and diplomatic support.
International law, what international law?
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817230576853639408
oooooo
Angelina Jolie: We live in a world where universal human rights don’t apply to Palestinians.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817146989269659689
oooooo
They tried to erase Palestine, but the world has become Palestine.
Thank you Berlin. Don’t stop talking about Gaza.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817327589641404761
oooooo
“I swim to compete, they (Gazans) swim to survive.”
American-Palestinian Olympic swimmer Valerie Tarazi highlights Gaza’s plight which keeps worsening by intensified Israeli onslaughts.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817440742962352475
oooooo
Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil@ivan_8848
You have a war strategy.
We have a peace strategy. – Victor Orban
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817247313607434534
oooooo
BREAKING
Thousands of Paramilitary Forces in Iraq and Syria have been put on high alert as Israeli officials call for war against Lebanon – SNN
oooooo
The French Government have supported the Genocide in Gaza – Fuck the Olympics…
oooooo
BREAKING :
Israel just bombed a school full of refugees in Gaza’s Deir al-Balah, killing 30 civilians, mostly children and women.
A school full of refugees.
But mass murderer Netanyahu wants us to believe that Israel doesn’t kill civilians.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817197284901146860
oooooo
This rescue volunteer could not compose himself any longer, he collapsed crying while removing a girl from under the rubble in Gaza.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817202437050007882
oooooo
Whilst American politicians parade war criminal Netanyahu around like a celebrity, his military just bombed the Khadija school full of displaced children…
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817163469571195080
oooooo
Palestine is represented in the #OlympicGames by 8 athletes only because Zionists killed 350 of our athletes in 10 months.
In case u didn’t know
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817075160207261868
oooooo
Why is Russia banned from the Olympics but ISRAEL isn’t??
Dr. Anastasia Maria Loupis@DrLoupis
BREAKING: while they distract us by the Olympics an israeli strike just targeted Khadija UNRWA SCHOOL in Deir Al-Balah in central Gaza.
This strike resulted in 30 dead and more than 100 injured.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817213544128995586
oooooo
BREAKING: Someone immediately changed the Wikipedia biography of the Jewish woman who mocked Jesus Christ on the Olympic ceremony. Now they wrote that she is Moroccan.
Uzt. 27
NEW: The woman who mocked
Jesus Christ at the Olympic Games in Paris is the Jewish woman Barbara Butch, coming from a traditional Jewish family according to Wikipedia
oooooo
“Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban believes that the explosions on the Nord Stream gas pipelines were carried out “under American leadership.” “Today, Europe does nothing but unconditionally follow the foreign policy of the US Democratic Party, even at the cost of
Gehiago erakutsi
oooooo
The Druze in the Syria Golan heights have Syrian passports, they are not Israeli.
Basically Israel just murdered Syrians in the Golan heights and blamed Hezbollah
oooooo
American economist Jeffrey Sachs tells the truth on TV, causing hysteria in the studio “We have to go beyond propaganda. The US overthrew the Ukrainian president in 2014, and that’s how the war started. These are the pure and simple facts, this is not propaganda,” he explains.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817208800866078918
oooooo
JUST IN:
Iran issues warning to Israel
. “Any infringement or aggression by the Zionist regime against the national sovereignty of Lebanon will be met with a decisive and united response across the entire Resistance Axis.
I repeat, a decisive and united response, make no mistake.”
oooooo
Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil@ivan_8848
LAVROV: Now when they repeat like a mantra, we will support Ukraine for as long as it takes. I’m curious. How long will it take?
Like in Afghanistan, where it took 20 years to realise that you lost?
Or in Iraq, where you also left, although now you are trying to stay, despite the iraqi parliament’s decision that the US should withdraw its troops?
Or like in Libya, where the state collapsed and now everyone is trying to piece it back together.
A multipolar world is a reality.
It’s not something someone invented.
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817159718604800160
oooooo
Ex CIA director brags about how he’s taught to lie cheat and steal
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817243861582049563
They Wanted to Wipe Out Palestine
Palestine Took Over the WORLD
Bideoa: https://x.com/i/status/1817009320858452052
ooooo
“We Need A One State Solution” – Prof. Avi Shlaim Destroys Israel’s Myths https://youtu.be/BU1H7I3dE-I?si=eZles3r-QQkIe3sZ
ooo
“We Need A One State Solution” – Prof. Avi Shlaim Destroys Israel’s Myths
Bideoa: https://www.youtube.com/live/BU1H7I3dE-I
Avi Shlaim is one of the great living historians: Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, he’s a proud self-described Arab Jew, born in Baghdad in 1945. That heritage has deeply influenced him, and we talk about Zionism, the real history of Israel that is often erased, defying the attempt to start the clock on 7th October, the question of state terrorism, how there could have been a different approach to Hamas, genocide – and why a one state giving equal rights to all is the solution.
0:00
hello I’m very honored today to be joined by a very distinguished guest Professor ABI slame I know very many of
0:06
you have been very excited I I gave people a heads up um that I’m talking to you today AB so thank you so much for
0:12
joining me for those who don’t know very distinguished historian Specialist of course in the Middle East Israel
0:18
Zionism and in the current horror um one of the best pieces of work that I’ve
0:25
certainly read was by you in Prospect magazine and that went viral um now I me first it’s a huge honor to
0:33
be joined by you so thank you so much for joining us I just want to start by talking about yourself if that if that’s
0:39
okay um because you’ve got a very fascinating and relevant backstory and I think we’ll end up going full circle
0:45
with this actually by the end you’re Jewish and you were born um in Iraq so
0:51
just wondering if you want to tell us just a bit about that history because it’s obviously extremely relevant um I was born in Baghdad in
1:01
1945 to a Jewish family uh and when I was 5 years old my
1:07
family moved to Israel so I went to school uh in Israel and I recently wrote
1:15
an autobiography uh which is called three worlds Memoirs of an Arab Jew uh so
1:24
today I describe myself as an Arab Jew
1:30
and this is a very controversial term in Israel Israelis say that it’s a
1:36
contradiction in terms it’s um an ontological
1:41
impossibility if you are a Jew you cannot be an Arab and if you’re an Arab
1:47
you cannot be a Jew well I beg to differ and I can think of no better way of
1:53
describing my initial identity as that of an Arab Jew um uh we
2:01
were um Arab Jews in Baghdad we spoke Arabic at home we spoke only Arabic at
2:09
home uh culture was Arab culture uh uh
2:14
Customs were Arab uh Customs my parents music was a nice blend of Jewish and
2:22
Arabic music uh and the Iraqi there was a
2:28
Jewish community in every Arab State throughout the Arab
2:34
world um and the Jewish community in Iraq was the most prosperous the most
2:42
successful the most uh well integrated community and it contributed to um um
2:51
nation building at every level so the Jews were a very positive element in
2:57
Arab Society in the 1930s and 40s um this all changed with the
3:05
establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 and the Arab the defeat of the Arab
3:11
armies uh in Palestine there was a backlash against
3:17
the Jews and it was uh this backlash that uprooted my family and
3:24
myself but I still like to describe myself as an Arab Jew controversial as
3:32
it is because I’m proud of being
3:37
Jewish um and I’m equally proud of being an Arab I’m proud of my Arab Heritage
3:44
and I don’t see any contradiction between the two um and my Memoirs have
3:51
aroused a lot of interest in the Arab world because uh anyone who was born
3:58
after 194 48 has no idea that once upon a time there was a very extensive Jewish
4:07
community that lived in the Arab world and for the most part lived in harmony
4:14
with coexistence um and uh for my family and
4:19
myself Muslim Jewish coexistence was not an ideal was not an abstract idea it was
4:27
a everyday reality and it is this world that has been this old world very happy
4:35
world was Swept Away in the 20th century by the Cold War uh cold Winds of
4:42
nationalism and it’s that world that I um wanted to
4:49
recreate um reanimate in my Memoirs and as you
4:54
suggested uh hopefully we’ll end up at um in a full circle and come back to
5:02
this idea of Jewish Muslim coexistence possibly in one Democratic state in
5:10
Israel Palestine I I I think that is how we will go full circle I should also
5:15
explain by the way I mean I I spoke before I’m in Paris there’s building work currently going on so I’m siling to
5:21
myself which will be to the Delight of much of my audience but we will go full circle with with what you just said by
5:26
the end now I’m just interested your thoughts about the evolution of Zion and I’m interested in this because the left
5:32
and this is perhaps something that the left could be self-critical about but it’s a history people don’t realize the
5:37
the left used have quite a different relationship with cism and indeed when the when Israel was founded much of the
5:43
left supported that um I mean I’m not sure if we can flate the Soviet Union with the left but the Soviet Union at
5:49
the time was the first state to to draw back the foundation of Israel people might remember 1985 Neil kinnick’s
5:56
famous speech when he attacked militant and Eric heer walked off the stage um very much a left wi stalwork also a
6:03
Zionist Tony Ben used to denounce the PLO it’s quite interesting that history is often not discussed and I’m just
6:09
wondering what you thought about that how Zionism was originally seen but whether what we see now was actually The
6:16
Logical endo and evolution um of Zionism it used to have these socialist
6:21
pretenses but it was always based on that mass displacement of the Palestinians to NABA which at the time
6:27
much of the left didn’t even talk about so I’m just wondering what your thoughts about how Zionism was originally seen
6:32
and whether its reality was airbrushed and whether you see it it’s developed now as its inevitable
6:39
Endo uh Zionism was a liberal
6:44
ideology uh and based on universal values like Freedom Independence Justice
6:54
and um equality and in the 1950s Israel
7:00
was indeed a a socialist icon uh and because it was Democratic because it was
7:07
socialist because it was Progressive it received a huge amount of
7:14
international sympathy and support but Israel has evolved a long way from that
7:21
um early period um and uh we will probably come
7:27
back to that later
7:32
um what happened in reality is that Israel mistreated the
7:40
Palestinians Israel embarked on the systematic takeover of Palestine and a
7:47
huge gap developed between the Zionist rhetoric the Zionist ideal and the
7:53
reality of Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians on the ground and um um the
8:01
Zionist founding fathers fill this Gap
8:06
uh with hug and hypocrisy um
8:13
now n chomski once said
8:18
that settler Zionism is the most extreme and vicious
8:25
form of imperialism the Palestinians have had
8:31
the unique Misfortune of Being at the receiving end of both Zion settler
8:37
colonialism on the one hand uh and Western imperialism on the other hand
8:44
first during the British mandate when it was Britain and since 1948 it’s been
8:51
American imperialism that has supported the Zionist uh project so um uh
9:00
Zionism was increasing or rather the state of Israel was increasingly
9:06
seen um as an imperialist power uh Allied to America and there is
9:13
no better demonstration of that perception critical perception of Israel
9:20
than uh the trategy tragedy that is unfolding in the Gaza street today not
9:27
just with American complicity but with American active support for the
9:35
Israeli um massacres I was very stru by something
9:41
which the brilliant um Canadian writer n m Klein he’s had a big impact on myself
9:48
and a whole I’d say generation of progressive writers and thinkers and she’s G Jewish herself and she wrote
9:55
about how the West founded Israel as a form of reparation uh for the crimes committed against the
10:02
Jewish people and obviously within living memory the the Holocaust the attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population two-thirds of whom are killed
10:08
in Europe in a very short space of time but she said that involved granting a form of exceptionalism um whereby for example
10:16
the forms of colonialism that the West was at that time increasingly been forced uh to abandon um because of the
10:24
struggle of the peoples who’d been colonized but Israel almost was given an optal out of that and a form of
10:30
exceptionalism there something actually razi gal the Israeli American um scholar
10:36
of genocide and Holocaust I’ve I’ve interviewed I mean he talks about this how there’s a form of exceptionalism
10:41
granted in international law to Israel as a consequence and I was just wondering what you thought about that
10:46
kind of analysis I suppose
10:52
um the Holocaust was a uniquely evil and
10:57
catastrophic event um and it had consequences one of the consequences was
11:06
to um uh make an unable case for an
11:12
independent Jewish State um and in the aftermath of the second world
11:19
war there was a um Western feeling of guilt towards the
11:27
Jewish people um and um a feeling that
11:35
um um they had to be compensated um for the
11:42
Holocaust and something really major something Titanic had to be done for the
11:48
Jews in the aftermath of this catastrophe and that thing was an
11:54
independent Jewish State this explains why the UN um voted for the partition of
12:01
Palestine in 1947 the partition of mandatory Palestine into two states one Arab one
12:11
Jewish this was very unfair to the Arabs because the Jews were a minority and
12:16
then the and they were allocated 55% of mandatory Palestine so the Arabs
12:23
rejected um partition and uh went to
12:29
War um and then in the course of the war Israel expanded its borders to
12:36
78% of mandatory uh Palestine so the
12:42
Holocaust explains the great deal about why Israel came into existence in the
12:50
first place and the rather um permissive attitude towards Israel and its use of
12:58
force after it was um established but I um cannot agree that
13:08
Israel was granted an exceptional status
13:13
under international law because international law is universal the same rules apply to everybody and they apply
13:21
to Israel as well uh and it’s because of Israel’s
13:27
Behavior because of its use of military force because of its violations of
13:33
international law because of the uh occupation that it alienated uh World opinion and today I
13:43
think that more and more people no longer give Israel this immunity this
13:51
exceptional status uh because the Holocaust the Jews
13:57
were the victims of of the Holocaust whereas today in Gaza it’s Israel which
14:04
is the per the per the perpetrator of a genocide of Palestinians so things have
14:13
changed very radically uh and now Israel receives much less
14:18
immunity uh in public opinion uh because of the
14:24
Holocaust I just interested in as a historian obiously of this of of Israel
14:32
of Zionism the Middle East um the the attempt to start the clock on the 7th of
14:38
October and obviously 7th of October is a huge trauma it was a huge trauma for people obviously in Israel and and
14:44
Beyond and it included war crimes civili war crimes which committed against
14:50
innocent Israeli civilians which no one should be any doubt about um what what
14:56
there’s been is obviously often this all the way through an attempt to say this is when this all began essentially and
15:02
everything else apartheid occupation mass displac of the Palestinians is from
15:08
1948 onwards before arguably I’m just wondering what your thoughts about that and why it’s
15:14
important to have a historical context and both for sth of October but also to
15:21
explain everything that’s happened since uh it’s impossible to make any
15:28
sense of what is happening today without understanding the historical context of
15:34
the Israeli Palestinian uh conflict uh the Hamas attack on Israel on the 7th of October
15:43
was utterly horrific um and cannot be justified
15:50
because it involved the killing of 1200 Israelis mostly uh civilians and
15:59
atrocities were committed so it was a horrific event which has been denounced
16:06
and must be denounced uh but as the Secretary
16:12
General of the United Nations said at the time this attack didn’t happen in a
16:20
vacuum it happened in the context of 56 years of suffocating Israeli
16:29
occupation and he went on to say uh that the
16:35
context uh doesn’t justify the attack but it helps to explain it and the
16:42
Israeli ambassador to the United Nations Mr Eran immediately launched a vicious
16:49
personal attack on the Secretary General of the United Nations he accused him
16:54
falsely of anti-Semitism he said nothing that was anti uh Semitic he called for his
17:02
resignation he um um uh appealed to
17:08
members of the United Nations to stop funding the
17:13
organization uh and he even said that the Secretary General of the UN is a
17:18
threat to World Peace um now there is nothing new about
17:25
Israeli um hostility towards the UN but the contrast between the civility the
17:32
decency the humanity of the Secretary General and the cruess and the crassness
17:39
of um uh the Israeli representative is very
17:44
striking uh so uh we I would
17:49
follow uh and I have followed in my writing the example of the secretary uh
17:57
general of the UN in trying to put the war in Gaza in a historical
18:04
context and the brief historical context the long historical context
18:10
would take us back to the Balo Declaration of 19 uh 17 but I would like to start uh with uh
18:19
the Israeli occupation of Gaza in 1967 um and um the fact that the
18:29
Palestinians for 56 years have been living under
18:35
occupation the most prolonged and brutal military occupation of modern times so
18:44
this is the everyday reality for Palestinians on the West Bank in Gaza a
18:49
brutal military occupation arbitrary occupation that denies them Independence
18:56
denies them human rights izing all the basic rights that every people is um uh
19:03
entitled to um and um what Israel experienced on the 7th of
19:13
October is a very very extreme and dramatic and painful uh attack but it is
19:22
uh has to be seen against the background of longstanding Palestinian
19:28
uh suffering and there is one other point about the context for the Hamas
19:34
attack prime minister Benjamin netanyahu’s line to the Israeli public
19:40
is that um he is the guarantor of Israeli
19:46
security uh and that the Palestinians are finished the Palestinians are
19:53
defeated Israel has a free hand to do whatever it likes on the US Bank and as
19:59
for Gaza um It’s contained um within the prison of Gaza
20:08
Gaza is the largest open air prison in the world and part of his policy was to
20:15
allow Hamas to govern Gaza but Gaza was contained there was an Israeli blockade
20:22
of Gaza which has been in force um for
20:27
six 16 years and a blockade is a form of
20:33
collective punishment which is prescribed by international law after the Hamas attack on Israel
20:41
Israel um Extended the blockade that had um inflicted so much suffering on the
20:49
Palestinians in Gaza and now they cut of water food medical supplies and and fuel
20:58
so they use starvation as a weapon of War this is a new level of um of U
21:05
brutality of Cruelty even of s uh uh s
21:11
sadism so um um uh that is the
21:16
background to the Hamas attack because the message that that sent was we are
21:23
not defeated we are not finished um and Hamas it’s true that the Palestinian
21:31
Authority doesn’t represent any uh resistance indeed the Palestinian
21:38
Authority in ramala has become the a subcontractor for Israeli security
21:44
that’s why he doesn’t enjoy legitimacy and Hamas said we are still here we
21:51
cannot be ignored and we continue to lead the national struggle against um
22:00
the occupation and there was one other reason for the timing of the Hamas
22:05
attack and that is that um
22:10
America uh persuaded a number of Arab countries for
22:15
Arab countries to sign uh the Abraham Accord with Accords with
22:23
Israel uh and America put very strong pressure on Saudi Arabia to join the
22:28
circle of the Abraham Accords and there was a deal that was on the table it
22:34
would have taken a few more weeks and uh Saudi Arabia would have joined um um the
22:41
circle of Arab states who are at peace with Israel and Hamas wanted to prevent
22:48
that um and uh indeed at the very least Saudi Arabia has suspended the the
22:56
attempt to sign a p peace agreement uh with Israel the Abraham Accords
23:03
represent a stabbing the back to the Palestinians because they give Netanyahu
23:08
what he wants netanyahu’s line is that Israel U can make peace with the Arab
23:16
states without making any concessions to the Palestinians and he seemed to be
23:23
Vindicated but now as a result of the Hamas attack it is clear that the Arab world
23:32
cannot continue to ignore the Palestinians and that the Palestinians are going to continue to put up
23:39
resistance to the occupation I’m interested in how you
23:44
termed Israel’s Onslaught against Gaza State terrorism given I mean terrorism has been used by Western States
23:50
basically to claim their violence is legitimate moral and uh in contrast to their opponents as they politicize term
23:56
terrorism is interesting actually in the context of the so-called dier Doctrine developed in the 2006 Lebanon war um in
24:05
which essentially Israeli strategy is to you you inflict uh terrible damage on
24:11
civilian populations um with terrible civan fatalities in order in the context of
24:18
Lebanon to get them to put pressure on hezb and in in Gaza to put pressure on Hamas and a very brilliant Israeli and
24:26
Palestinian publication called 972 magazine plus 972 magazine actually used
24:33
Source they spoke to sources of military intelligence to kind of confirm this was actually happening but I’m just interesting that your your view on state
24:39
terrorism Israel given obviously the claim the official claim of Israel is this is self-defense that they’re waging
24:46
self-defense to shut down terrorism so just what’s your thoughts on how terrorism is used and why we should talk
24:52
about this Su State terrorism terrorism is the use of
24:59
military force against civilians for a political
25:05
purpose um and uh a Hamas attack on
25:11
Israeli civilians is a form of terrorism and an Israeli attack on
25:19
Palestinian civilians in Gaza for political purposes is a form in my book
25:27
is a form of State terrorism now Israel claims that it has
25:34
the right to self-defense and all its Western uh
25:41
allies like Biden like um Rishi sunak
25:46
like um um Sama repeat parate fashion that Israel
25:54
has the right to uh defend itself but it doesn’t under international law
26:01
because although Israel um withdraw unilaterally from Gaza in
26:07
2005 it is still the occupying power because it controls access by L SE and
26:13
air to Gaza so Israel is the occupying power and you have the right to
26:19
self-defense if the attack comes from another state or if the attack comes you
26:27
you you uh uh but you don’t have the right to selfdefense if the attack comes from an
26:34
area under occupation to put it more simply Israel doesn’t have the right to
26:41
self-defense against the people that it occupies and therefore I call the
26:48
Israeli attacks on Gaza um this is by my count this is the sixth Israeli military
26:56
offensive in Gaza and all of them are acts of State terrorism in as much as
27:03
they are directed not against Hamas but against the people of Gaza as a whole
27:10
and uh if I may I’d like to refer to the first Israeli attack on Gaza uh
27:18
operation castled in late um
27:24
December 2008 and early uh Janu 2009 that was Operation castled there is
27:32
the Goldstone report about that operation and uh it’s a very impressive
27:38
report very detailed uh um account of 33
27:45
Israel episodes and many Israeli war crimes and the conclusion is that the
27:50
Israeli attack on Gaza was in a broader sense an attack on the people of Gaza
27:57
and it its aim was to um to punish humiliate and terrorize the people of
28:06
Gaza and this uh current offensive in Gaza is also intended to terrorize to
28:14
punish and to terrorize the people of of Gaza um uh and the strongest argument is
28:24
the one that you mentioned the dahia doctrine this is a doctrine that was
28:31
developed by the IDF uh during the second war uh in Lebanon and what it
28:38
says is that Israel is entitled to inflict very very severe damage and
28:45
suffering on civilians for the purpose of den denying
28:51
the resources denying their support to um um
28:58
in that in that uh in Lebanon it was hisbah in Gaz Hamas so under the dahah
29:09
uh Doctrine Israel is um entitled to
29:14
cause massive um Carnage and damage to
29:20
uh civilian infrastructure and buildings uh in order
29:27
to turn the population against
29:33
Hamas but this war has been counterproductive and self-defeating
29:38
because the Israeli atrocities um and
29:45
inhuman uh Behavior towards the civilians in
29:50
Gaza has turned the people of Gaza not against Hamas but against is Israel and
29:59
public opinion shows that if there was a Palestinian election today um fat will
30:06
receive 16% and Hamas would receive 60% so
30:12
Israel has failed in its aim of using military force against civilians in
30:18
order to turn them against uh Hamas I mean in in terms of Hamas and
30:26
you know I think some people find this challenging they would have found it challenging before the seventh of October attacks and they certainly would
30:32
find it challenging now controversial to discuss this but it’s about the relationship between or the approach
30:39
towards Hamas I suppose and when Hamas won the elections in 2006 which they won
30:45
partly because well large part because of huge disillusionment with fata which had previously dominated who were widely
30:51
perceived as corrupt and essentially become ACC appendages of the Israeli occupation that’s how many Palestinians
30:57
in the West Bank um came to see fata so Hamas kind of came to power partly you
31:03
know because people were fed up with fata basically but that caused then a Siege of Gaza which is the longest such
31:12
Siege in in modern times but actually your view is actually there could have been a different approach and and there
31:18
is you know people go back to the chart of Hamas and say well look Hamas just would have wipe out Israel and so on um
31:24
but actually they’re more complicated than fluid than that aren’t they um in the way that they’ve been betrayed and
31:30
actually you know we’re going to build a coalition here Tony Blair of all people not someone I normally quote um on the
31:37
Middle East certainly um but he actually back in 2017 he said it it was wrong for
31:44
the West to have boycotted um Hamas in the aftermath of their win and there should have been a
31:50
different approach was actually you know if even Tony Blair can say it then then why can’t we but I’m just wondering what
31:56
are your thoughts on that because I I think people will find this challenging but I think it’s a very interesting thing to talk about Owen I’m so glad that you brought
32:03
up the Palestinian elections of two January
32:09
2006 because most people um have never heard of it uh and it’s it’s uh it’s not
32:18
never mentioned in the current discourse about Gaza so the simple fact is that in
32:27
January 2006 there was an all um Palestine elections and Hamas won an
32:36
absolute majority not just in Gaza but in the West Bank as well an absolute majority
32:44
in what was generally recognized and as a fair and free uh
32:51
election and Hamas went on to form a government and it was a moderate
32:58
government despite the charter once Hamas was in power it had adopted the
33:03
Parliamentary vote to power um and it won power
33:09
legitimately once it was in power it moderated its program uh and it called
33:15
for um uh negotiations with Israel on a
33:20
long-term truth could be 20 years 30 years 40 years and Israel refused to
33:28
negotiate and um the United States uh
33:34
and European union and Britain and Prime Minister Tony Blair to their Eternal
33:42
shame backed Israel in refusing to recognize the democratically elected
33:49
government and they resorted to economic Warfare to
33:55
undermine um the Hamas government and where was to come
34:02
as the Palestine papers uh a cash of
34:07
1600 documents that were leaked to Al jazer reveal there was a plot against
34:13
Hamas and uh a secret committee was set up it was called the Gaza committee and
34:19
on it were represented fata Israel Brit America and and Egyptian inter elligence
34:27
and the aim uh was to isolate weaken
34:33
Hamas uh and um Israel and America
34:39
armed uh fata and encourag fata to launch uh to mount um
34:47
audet in order to capture power and drive Hamas out of power and Hamas
34:54
preempted the crew against the um uh by seizing power in in
35:01
Gaza now the attitude of the western Powers is very revealing during this
35:08
critical period they say that um they support democracy and they promote
35:16
democracy here was an example of Arab democracy a shining example of Arab de
35:23
democracy it was an incredible achievement for the Palestinians to have democracy under the conditions of
35:29
military uh o occupation um but the Western powers in
35:36
Israel uh said they the people had spoken but the people had voted for the
35:43
wrong bunch of politicians and therefore they don’t recognize them this recogn
35:49
reminds me of something that bertral bre said after the workers Uprising in East
35:56
Germany in 1953 um uh if the government doesn’t
36:02
like the people the government should dissolve the people and elect
36:11
another that’s one of my favorite quotes which I often refer to um uh now I mean
36:18
in terms of I mean it’s interesting the moment I’ve been talking a lot at the moment about South Africa’s case against
36:24
Israel um ACC Israel of genocide taking Israel to the international court of
36:30
justice and it’s it’s a one of the most chilling documents I’ve ever read in my
36:36
entire life a very thorough Loy piece one of the things it it looks like acts
36:42
conduct and it also looks at language um and it is striking I mean again I keep mentioning razi gal the um
36:49
Israeli American Prof associate professor of Holocaust and genocide studies but he said it’s very rare for genocidal intent regardless of what
36:56
people think about conduct but genocidal intent to be so explicitly spoken on so
37:01
many multiple occasions and since that document came out there have been so many other examples of genocidal
37:07
incitement which is illegal under the 1948 genocide convention um a state is
37:12
Duty bound to prosecute those who use public platforms to incite genocide but I’m just interesting what you think
37:18
about that is you know is that kind of does this just basically kind of this is the inevitable consequence of any form
37:24
of settler colonialism you get a colonizer it takes the land of the people who don’t want their land taken
37:30
off them you get forms of violence which then are met with terrible repression
37:35
which then feeds more violence very asymmetric way um and you get this cycle
37:42
where eventually the occupi settler State essentially just adopts a increasingly genocidal posture I don’t
37:48
know what are your thoughts about that you know has this emerged in eight Le from Zionism or or is this you know what
37:54
could could a different outcome have been achieved settler
38:02
colonialism has its own Dynamic um it’s not like any other form
38:09
of colonialism where there is a Metropole uh people from that country go and
38:17
occupy and live in another country and they have a home to go back to settler
38:24
colonialism uh is different uh and Zionism was a settler Colonial
38:30
movement from the beginning um and the logic of settler
38:37
colonialism since there is another people on the land is to eliminate that
38:44
people the rhetoric was very different the rhetoric was developing Palestine
38:49
for the benefit of both peoples but the reality was that it was a Jewish
38:55
exclusive setler Colonial movement which after
39:01
1917 embarked on the systematic takeover of
39:07
Palestine so you either carry out the ethnic
39:12
cleansing of uh Palestine um and this is what Israel has
39:20
been doing systematically uh and in
39:25
1948 the was the first nakba 3/4 of a million Palestinians
39:32
became refugees um uh and now we are on the
39:38
verge of uh a second nakba and what is
39:45
utterly um horrific is the genocidal rhetoric that
39:52
we hear in Israel and it’s increasing all the time and it’s not one or two
39:57
people and it’s not marginal people it’s from the president down the president of
40:04
Israel said there are no innocent people in Gaza will Israel has just
40:10
massacred over 22,000 people 2third of them are women
40:17
and children um uh and
40:23
um and and there have been so many other genocidal explicit genocidal statement
40:30
uh a one Rabbi talked about dropping an atomic bomb on Gaza as an
40:37
option and there is a majority in Israeli public opinion for an expulsion
40:44
of all the people in Gaza all 2.3 um million people and this is not
40:52
just loose talk uh if there is a plan
40:57
that was uh of the Israeli Ministry of intelligence dated 13 of October which
41:05
favors uh the expulsion of um uh the population of Gaza to Northern Sinai
41:14
against Egyptian opposition Egypt is opposed to ethnic cleansing Jordan is
41:19
opposed to e cleansing but the direction of Israeli policy seems to be pointing
41:25
to uh towards ethnic cleansing because the the civilians in Gaza were pushed from
41:34
the north to the South and they now they are concentrated in an Ever narrower area near the border with uh Gaza and
41:44
the Minister of Finance Vel smri has
41:50
said that openly that this Palestinian the population of Gaza should be reduced
41:57
from 2.3 million to maybe 100 or 2,000 uh so
42:05
uh I don’t think ever in history there’s been so much evidence of rhetorical
42:12
support uh for genocide which shows a definite
42:19
intention to um commit um
42:24
genocide uh and what is very worrying in all this is the demonizing of the
42:32
Palestinian people increasingly and and the distinction is not made between
42:39
Hamas uh and the Palestinian people uh in general uh more and more Israeli
42:48
ministers are referring to the Palestinians uh as Nazis and this is
42:53
what happened in Nazi Germany first came the demonization of the Jews and then came
43:02
the Holocaust and I’m extremely worried that this dehumanization of the Palestinian people
43:09
as a whole is Paving the way to ethnic cleansing and uh in more extreme terms
43:17
to um um to to to uh to
43:24
genocide just before we go full circle and we go we talk about what happens next and and and prospects
43:31
for well something which emerges from this horror which can provide the only
43:37
solution which is a lasting piece which offers security and happiness to Jews
43:45
Palestinians on the basis of a shared land but before I just ask you we talk about that one of the bleakest things I
43:51
look at the polling in Israel um of the Israeli Jewish population when most
43:58
think not enough Firepower has been used a large majority support the ethnic cleansing of Gaza one of the reasons I
44:05
find that so Bleak it’s very important to say millions of Jewish people don’t live in Israel I mean if we look in the US the Jewish population is more
44:12
Progressive than the average American and a whole generation of younger Jews are actually at the Forefront of this of
44:18
the of the solidarity move in Palestine at the moment I think that’s something which would worry and disturb Israel
44:23
very much younger G’s turning away from Israel in the United States and the us obviously is so instrumental to allowing
44:30
Israel to continue to behave as it does but the reason I just find it so bleep looking at that is the left as we
44:36
understand it would not exist without Jewish people and and that’s one of the reasons actually particularly in the
44:41
20th century early 20th century anti-semites partly used the fact that
44:46
je were always over represented in the left and in movements for emancipation Liberation social justice to hate Jewish
44:53
people even more I mean the Nazis obviously spoke about International Bolshevik uh conspiracy the German left
44:59
obviously again Jews were over represented and I’m just interested in terms of the that form of humanism
45:06
Jewish humanism and the left are so intertwined and in a way Israel’s had to wage war against it hasn’t it and one of
45:14
the reasons people like yourself often get the wrath of apologist for Israel as
45:20
a Jewish person who speaks out against what Israel is doing is your a reminder of that tradition
45:26
which in a sense Israel has sought to to marginalize I just wonder what your thoughts about that
45:33
are I’m not a practicing Jew but as I said earlier I’m proud of being Jewish
45:41
and as I understand it the three principal pillars of Judaism are truth
45:49
justice and peace and I look at um the Pres
45:56
government in Israel at Netanyahu uh
46:01
himself and he doesn’t represent any of these values uh he’s a corrupt um and mous
46:11
politician who stands trial on serious charges of
46:17
corruption and one of the reasons that he’s fighting this war and a long War as
46:24
he says in the way that he does is because once the fighting stops the
46:30
countdown will start for uh the end of his Premier ship and if he’s indicted
46:37
he’s likely to end up in prison so this is the kind of person who leads Israel
46:45
today and he personifies the ugliest the most brutal
46:52
the most uh racist um the most xenophobic aspect of the worst kind of
47:01
Zionism but uh he’s one person then his
47:08
Coalition Partners one Coalition partner is um um itamar
47:16
Ben who is the Minister of international internal security and he um is the leader of uh a
47:27
party called Jewish power the name itself is a fascist and he himself is an
47:35
outright uh fascist who uh whose hero was Rabbi
47:42
Kahan um uh who whose party had been outlawed and another hero of Ben was
47:52
baru Goldin who had committed a massacre of
47:58
28 Palestinian worshippers in the mosque
48:03
in heon um and um there is betel
48:12
smri uh who is um a declared um
48:19
homophobe uh and uh an extreme Jewish supremacist
48:26
and those two are calling for the ethnic cleansing of Palestine not just from
48:32
Gaza but from the West Bank uh as well so you have an Israeli government which
48:38
is the most um uh rightwing and racist government in Israel’s history the most
48:46
Pro uh settler and also the most Jewish
48:51
supremacist um uh government so Zionism has evolved over the years and
49:00
it had a liberal phase it had a socialist phase in the 1950s that I mentioned earlier but today it has moved
49:09
to the extreme right and it’s a really reactionary discriminatory racist
49:16
expansionist um uh form of uh Zionism this is what Israel is today and that is
49:25
why um um more and more young people in
49:31
particular have turned against Israel and as you said in America it’s not just
49:38
younger Jews but the whole Community uh has shifted uh its attitude
49:45
towards Israel um and there so what we have is a
49:51
disconnect in the west between the governments the European governments
49:57
British government American government the governments that are remain almost
50:02
blindly and uncritically uh pro-israeli and the public which is
50:09
increasingly Pro Palestinians and increasingly um uh critical of
50:16
Israel uh so we have this disconnect and one reason that I have for optimism a
50:26
very limited reason is that public opinion has shifted very dramatically in
50:32
the last three months uh because of the Israeli actions uh in Gaza and in the
50:39
long term uh for Western foreign policy is
50:44
bound to catch up with public opinion I mean that I certainly think is
50:51
something which is hopeful and something which Israel should be very worried about because I mean I think a whole
50:57
gener huge numbers of people not just younger people you’re quite right have been very politicized by what what what they’re
51:03
seeing and I think the dam will eventually break there but in terms of the future prospects because as I’ve
51:09
said there’s only one lasting piece here and that’s where this land is shared by
51:15
by Jews by Palestinians of Muslim predominantly also Christian and other religions and those of no religion but I
51:23
mean it seems so utopian as like a of a single Democratic state which I’m fascinated in I mean it automatically
51:29
that’s what appeals to people like myself a single Democratic state where all have equal rights because we see you
51:36
know Gaza may be inhospitable its population driven out what survives of it in the West Bank we’re seeing this
51:44
huge level of just State Terror again against the Palestinian population the
51:49
illegal settlements in any case which make it a viable Palestinian State impossible and you know it’s been put to
51:56
me that you know even if you got an Israeli state which try to dismantle those settlements you basically get a
52:01
civil war in Israel that would essentially what would happen um and also there’s just too much Fury and
52:08
anger now so many Palestinians have seen what Israel have done and is doing and
52:13
on on the other side you get many Israeli Jews will say well well you know
52:19
they’ll know after what they’ve done that they risk terrible terrible Vengeance and they’ve seen seventh of
52:24
October it’s not exactly an abstraction so then how could there ever be the Democratic secular state where everyone
52:31
has equal rights which which would encapsulate encaps you know your your
52:37
background your heritage shows what is possible but could it ever be possible and how do we get
52:46
there there used to be a solution to the Israeli Palestinian
52:52
conflict and it’s the two state ution uh and there’s been a massive
53:00
International consensus behind a two-state
53:06
solution um but it has become fashionable to say that the two State
53:11
solution is dead why is it dead it’s because Israel
53:17
killed it with the settlements uh if you want a two-state
53:24
solution uh that means a Palestinian state with on the West Bank and Gaza
53:32
with a capital city in East Jerusalem that is uh 22% of historic
53:39
Palestine it’s not asking very much um it’s asking for an independent
53:45
Palestinian State on a fifth of the Homeland and by signing up to the Oslo
53:52
Accord in 1993 the PLO accepted the two-state
53:58
solution but it was not to be because Israel continued to expand settlements
54:04
on the West Bank and Israel built uh the so-called security barrier uh uh on the
54:11
West Bank uh and Israel by its own territorial
54:17
expansion has killed the two states
54:23
solution I believe that the two-state solution was never born because no Israeli government since
54:33
1967 have offered a formula uh for a two-state solution that
54:40
is acceptable that would be acceptable even to the most moderate Palestinian
54:47
leader and no American government has ever put any serious pressure on Israel
54:54
to move to towards a two-state solution uh so today there is no
55:01
possibility of a two State solution and Israel rejects it utterly and
55:09
totally um uh so what are the Alternatives today and the alternatives
55:17
are more of the same continuing Israeli
55:22
occupation which uh by necessity would become more and more brutal and would
55:28
involve more and more ethnic cleansing um um and Israel is already an
55:35
apartheid state and this would carry aparti to a new and more uh brutal
55:45
form uh that’s one alternative uh uh the status quo uh plus
55:54
the current Israeli agenda of destroying Hamas alog together and deep
56:03
populating Gaza that’s one alternative it’s not acceptable to me and the other
56:10
alternative uh the one that I support is uh one
56:17
state from the River Jordan to the Mediterranean Sea with equal rights for
56:23
all his citizens regardless of religion and um and
56:30
ethnicity and I would add that the reality today is one state with
56:38
Israel dominating the whole area uh and this is not a democracy it’s
56:45
an ethnocracy it’s a political system in which one ethnic group dominates the
56:50
other and the Israeli government is I already said is the most
56:56
overtly um Jewish supremacist government in
57:02
history uh Israel is the only member state of the United Nations that I know
57:09
which is officially racist why do I say this I say it because the nation state
57:18
law the Jewish nation state law of July 2018 says that the Jews
57:25
have a unique right to self-determination in the state of
57:31
Israel so that creates two categories of people um Jews uh who are superior and
57:40
Arabs who are inferior that’s racist but the present government has gone even
57:46
further than that racist law because the policy guidelines of the present
57:53
government say Jews have an exclusive right to sell
57:59
determination in the whole land of Israel that includes the West Bank so
58:05
now this government denies any Palestinian national uh National
58:12
rights uh and this brings me back to the solution that would be acceptable to me
58:18
and that is one Democratic State uh with equal rights
58:26
and this uh would seem like an Impossible Dream maybe it is an
58:33
Impossible Dream but it’s a noble vision and it’s a democratic vision and
58:42
moreover um because of the history of my family and of the
58:50
Jews of Iraq when Muslim Jewish coexistence was the everyday reality was
58:57
the normal thing that experience enables me to think of a
59:04
better future for our region uh than the one that we um uh see
59:12
today um uh and um I believe that more
59:20
and more people would come to see this way to see one state with equal rights
59:27
is the only viable uh formula um and the only formula that
59:36
would ensure security for Israel and safety for the Jews because Israel was
59:43
created as a Haven for the Jew Jews anywhere but today Israel is the
59:49
least safe place for Jews in the world
59:54
and Israel demands 100% security for itself which translates into 100%
1:00:02
insecurity for the Palestinians and that and um Israel would never have security
1:00:10
unless there is Palestinian Independence and equal rights and my only um
1:00:19
solution my only um um formul
1:00:25
the only formula I can think of that would provide peace and
1:00:32
security um for both people is the one state and one final point is that Israel
1:00:41
has been demonizing the Palestinians calling them terrorists not
1:00:46
just Hamas but the entire Palestinian people I regard Palestinians as a normal
1:00:53
people is a people which like any other people in
1:00:58
the world would like to live in peace uh in uh freedom and dignity on its
1:01:06
Homeland Israel has prevented them the Palestinians from achieving uh this goal
1:01:13
and one state would enable the Palestinians to realize their
1:01:18
basic rights I think that’s a wonderful place to end I mean it’s been such an honor to
1:01:25
have you um an honor for lots of different reasons um obviously providing us with with a crucial historical
1:01:32
context which I mean you know our media particularly the British media ill serves the public um because it often
1:01:40
treats news events as though they you know think day one was last week um but
1:01:45
that’s particularly pernicious when it comes to something you know like when we’re talking about Israel and and
1:01:51
Palestine but the other the other reason such an honor to have used the the most important two words for me uh since this
1:01:58
current round of horror has began um is is moral Clarity and and you’ve shown I
1:02:04
think moral Clarity in in in spad throughout everything that you’ve said um and I think moral clarity as I’ve
1:02:10
said is uh is is crucial when we’re talking about all this so for those who’ve watched please do share this
1:02:17
video like And subscribe um but a very special thanks to you uh Professor thank you so much thank you and it’s been a
1:02:25
pleasure to be in conversation with you it’s big honor thank you
oooooo
MMT: Modern Monetary Theory
MMT: Modern Monetary Theory
Understanding how money works so that we can address climate change easily and prosperously plus address AI’s impact on humanity.
Members: https://x.com/i/communities/1672597800385921024/members
(…)
oooooo